The Accountability Strategy read chapter 8 Article

The Accountability Strategy read chapter 8 - Article Example To measure activities used in teaching mathematics in a school, the most important measure involves imparting new skills thus the need to evaluate the learning resources applied by the teacher. There is also need to assess the amount of time spent in effective instruction and the means used. For example hands-on learning is more effective, thus by this assessment, activities can be measured. In measuring output, keys aspects to look into entail, attendance can be used as a measure since high attendance of the lesson indicates interest, while the outcomes can be measured against the objectives of the lesson, which in this case would be application question in a test depicting real life events. This is particularly possible in algebra lessons, which are both abstract and applicable. Therefore, effectiveness can be measured using the amount of time spent teaching and this can then be put against the goals and objectives. More time with poor results indicate low efficiency, while less time and better results indicates otherwise. Collection of information about efficiency, output, outcome and activities can be obtained from official records since all teachers are required to keep records of the work they have taught. As such, this makes it easy to obtain information unless the data is confidential, as is the case with test scores. If the names of students are not required, then the acquisition of this data becomes fairly easy. Collection of data is meant to evaluate effectiveness of methods of teaching and the resources allocated to the teacher, as well as the time taken to teach (Berman, 2006 pg. 150). As a result, the most important aspect of the data is in the learning outcomes, where learning outcomes take centre stage. This affects the choice of performance measure in that the outcome has to be reflected on most in spite of the purposes overlapping. The difference between accomplishments and activities is narrow as there is

Sustaining the natural resources with Smart grid Essay Example for Free

Sustaining the natural resources with Smart grid Essay It is easy to take electricity for granted but modern life would not be possible without it. To keep it going we need more efficient ways to manage electricity. For over a hundred years, coal and other fossil fuels have been used by power plants to produce the electricity we use every day. The grid is a network of power lines and sub stations that carry electricity from power plants to homes and businesses. Today, the grid has problems, it needs updating and is running at capacity. When power lines break or power plants cannot produce enough power, blackouts can occur and that’s a problem that can cause fatalities. Also, today’s grid often relies on a single power plant as its source and does not provide detailed information on usage making electricity difficult to manage. To address these problems in the past, we simply built new power plants but now we can work towards sustainability and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels by using a smarter grid. The question is how and the answer to that question is Smart Grid. The smart grid means adding sensors and software to the existing grid that will give utilities and individual’s new information that will help them understand and react to changes quickly. For example if we consider an accident where a tree falls on a power line and one thousand homes loose power, with the current grid utility officers often physically reroute the power which takes time but with the smart grid sensors and software will detect and immediately route the power around the problem, limiting the issue to fewer homes. The price of electricity changes throughout the day but we cannot really see it with the current meters in our homes, it may be expensive during peak hours and cheap late at night. With the new smart meter at our homes, we could set the dishwasher to run when power is cheap, this provides more control over the energy bill and helps prevent black outs at peak hours. The smart grid also means new ways to use renewable sources of energy. Power generation can now be distributed across multiple sources, so the system is more stable and efficient. Its visibility to communicate and manage electricity is what makes the grid smarter and helps us avoid burning more fossil fuel in the future. The smart grid is still a few years away but soon we will be able to manage our energy bill, healthy environment and healthy economy by making more informed decisions about how we use electricity. There is an estimated thirteen trillion dollars investment required in energy infrastructure over the next twenty years. This poses a need and an opportunity to shift towards a low carbon, efficient and clean energy system, and Smart grid will be a key enabler of this transition. The three major factors which have enabled a smart grid are Information, telecommunication and power technologies; integrating these three together have made a smart grid possible. Market analysis Electricity consumption is expected to increase continuously in the worldwide as in Figure 1, as the same The U. S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) is expecting total demand for electricity in commercial to grow 42 percent by 2035. Many countries developed new technology and try to use other energy instead electricity in order to save energy and reduce cost. Smart grid is an innovative technology to control and deliver electricity to customer by using digital technology that it can reduce cost electric distribution and transmission. As the end of March 2012, U. S. Department of energy has provided the smart metering close to 3 billon dollar, 1 billion dollar for electricity system, and around 0. 5 million dollar each for customer system and electric transmission. Moreover, program had been installed more than 8 percent of all electricity meter and 10. 8 million for smart meter in the United State. For example, Florida save more than 500,000 dollar annually because they enable advance metering (AMI) which make the efficient repair, servicing and billing in the Florida. Figure 1: Residential Sector Electricity Consumption per capita by country group 2002 and 2025. (Taken from Arno, A. (n. d). Residential Sector Electricity Consumption per Capita by Country Group) By end of this decade, a British consultancy also predicts that in European Union countries will be installed smart meter between 133 and 145 million of smart meter, the market will be the biggest in countries. In additions, many inventive companies are interesting to create and produce various applications that can be use on the smart grid which affects trend market. With the reduction in distribution and transmission loss benefits from smart grid, the both benefits improved in energy efficiency that is the major to drive of this market and attracts the governments of many countries define important roles into it and pass on mandates and regulation for the same. Unfortunately, the price of smart grid network is quite high that it is an obstacle in the smart grid market. Lack of interoperability of standards is huge amounts of investment happening in this market, and vast service providers who provide the service across the globe in different standards has affected the growth of any industry. Figure: 2 Smart grid technology markets in 2011-2016 (Taken from Marketandmarket. (2012). Smart Grid Technology Market Analysis Global Forecast By Hardware, Software Communication Network Technologies (2011 – 2016). As in Figure2, the global smart grid market is expected to gain until 80. 6 billion dollar in 2016 compare in 2011 which was 22. billion dollar at a CAGR of 28. 7% from 2011 to 2016. The Future trend on smart grid technology is to improve technology base on the existing technology to be more efficient of electricity and to increase the investment of governments as well as utilities. For the long run the smart grid should develop much more than Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and Phaser Measurement Units (PMU) which combine to Smart Grid, Integration of power system to make more efficient, more renewable friendly-grid, and so on, the smart grid may be long run in the market. Staffing Profile Everybody in organization who involve with power system for example engineers, project engineers, consultants and managers have to understand smart grid and they have to train by smart grid training. The major target of training program is can make staff deal with the unexpected situation such as power failures and reduce the bad impact that might be happened in process. In course training they provide foundation of mathematic and simulations. Government in U. S. pays attention to smart grid. Recently, country around the world for example US, China, India, the United Kingdom and the European Union have introduced policies of smart grid in their country. They hope that it helps to increase level of interest smart grid and in the future, smart grid will pay an important role in the world more than today. Nowadays, the U. S. has invested in smart grid technology $7. 8 billion, China $7. 3 billion and predict in the future will spend $96 billion by 2020 because energy was expected to increase in the future. A smart grid including with a variety of control features, automations, communications and sensors. The staff have to understand the process of smart grid for protect the problem that can happened while work. Staffing profile is important for staffs who work in smart grid process. From the statistic, the business losses in the U. S. $100 billion are from electrical failures because short power disrupt. To understand the self healing grid can help to reduce the problem from blackout and sustain services and improve quality for customers. The evolutions of smart grid will gradual increase. The smart grid was initiative by use $74 million and $37 million from U. S. Department of Energy support. In the Rensselaer, N. Y. project they use $35. 5 million for initial smart grid NYIO’s new central control. Installation of capacitor thought N. Y. has involved in the project. NYISO expects that it can help to reduce power loss and save the state $9 million a year. In the project NYISO’s will connect with other network in other country like New England, the mid-Atlantic, the Midwest, and Ontario, Canada to produce broader circumstances attentiveness. From this project they expect that it will reduce electricity bills of customer to $2. 8 billion in next 20 years. The course of smart grid system technology is involved with the knowledge of smart grid. The staff has to take course and they can receive smart grid certification. In the course provides the knowledge that has an advantage to staff like introduction of smart grid in to advance knowledge for help staff can deal with the unforeseen problem. Staff will know an advantage of employ a smart grid, every element of a smart grid and the future. The course also provides staffs to know the current boundaries and restraints of power grid. In the advance course training of smart grid, staff can success of smart grid operation and infrastructure be hide the smart grid and know the systems. There will be center on information technology, hardware and software tool. Staff can understand and can improve the efficiency of the smart grid for their organization. In this course of the training is $1,595 per course which is 4 days.

Character of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- Shakespeare Hamle

Character of Hamlet in Shakespeare's Hamlet Hamlet is a man of many discoveries. The tragic hero in Shakespeare's Hamlet undergoes many changes throughout the play. His mindset is set deep and far away from the physical world that both helps him and hinders him in his plight for revenge against his uncle, Claudius, and his mother. When Hamlet is first introduced in Act I, Scene II, the reader is shown the depths of his sorrow. The King asks Hamlet "How is it that the clouds still hang on you" and the Queen tells him to "Cast thy nighted color off." By these comments one can envision Hamlet as someone who appears and radiates out his sorrow over his father's death. Hamlet lets the reader know that his sorrow runs much deeper than his clothes and sorrow filled eyes, saying about them that "These indeed seem, for they are actions that a man might play. But I have that within which passes show; These but the trappings and the suits of woe." In this statement Hamlet pours out that his sorrows courses through every part of him. This sadness plays a huge part in Hamlet's overall mindset, his sorrow over his father's death has left him empty and without the will to live and prosper in this world. "O, that this too, too sullied flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew! Or that the Everlasting had not fixed His cannon `gainst self- slaughter!" Hamlet is contemplating suicide here, but understands that he has no chances for a peaceful after life if he takes his own life. He needs to find peace in the afterlife because his thoughts about this world are this: "How weary stale, flat and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of this world! `Tis an unweeded garden that grows to seed." Hamlet finds n... ...s of Hamlet, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. He returns secretly to Denmark and is prepared to and does carry out the Commandment. Throughout Shakespeare's Hamlet, Hamlet finds the strength and drive to carry out the wishes of the Ghost of his father. His weakness laid in his sorrow over the death and in his fascination with the divine and eternal, where he found his strength was not from within himself but in other's abilities to devote themselves emotionally or with their lives to someone else's battle. Sources Consulted Greenblatt, Stephen. Shakespearean Negotiations: Inside the Mind of Hamlet. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998.   Nevo, Ruth. Comic Transformations in Shakespeare. London: Methuen & Co., 1980. Shakespeare, William. The New Cambridge Shakespeare: Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Ed. Philip Edwards. Cambridge: Cambridge U P, 1985.

Emotionism religion Essay

I call my invented religion Emotionism. My religion will be based mainly on the belief that emotions are a manifestation of one’s faith. It will have the historical drama that is found in Roman Catholicism in that it will deliver faith by rooting this in accounts of people in the past who have been in contact with the founder of the faith. These accounts will be the foundation of my religion because they will fortify the faith by validating the love and compassion that one Jesus Christ had for His people. However, it will have none of the ritualistic practices of Catholicism because all these make it difficult to worship using the heart; instead, they focus on worship with the mind and the body. In the manner of adoration and worship, my religion will follow the ways of Buddhism and will focus on meditation and contemplation. Emotionism will seek to establish the beauty of worship using states of the mind and the heart. It will encourage journeys into one’s consciousness and discoveries into one’s self; and so, like Buddhism, will value man’s intelligence and encourage it to flourish. Emotionism, like Buddhism, will base its practices on the philosophies of transcendentalism so that each Emotionist will seek to rise beyond one’s current level. Emotionists will encourage links between the heart and the elements, between the mind and nature, and the spirit and the universe. My invented religion will promote harmony instead of division, which, although addressed by Catholicism through ecumenism, still exists among the many Christian sects. Emotionism will recognize the universality of things like Hinduism does. It will also adapt the religious passion of Hindus who believe that emotions are a potent force in altering one’s state of being. One other aspect of Hinduism that Emotionism will take into its folds is seeing beyond the physical self and recognizing the connection one human has with another in terms of the spirit – that each spirit comes from a single source and that all spirits are linked together by one common thread. Emotionism will also promote religious zeal the way Muslims do. The religious fervor and faithfulness of Muslims transcend barriers of time and space. Muslims live their faith and this is the kind of quality that I would like Emotionism to have. Emotionists will seek to defend themselves the way they defend their faith and vice versa, something Muslims are known for. Emotionism will therefore have the historical foundations of Catholicism, the adoration methods and philosophical precepts of Buddhism, the passion and recognition for emotions of Hinduism and the religious fervor of Islam. These elements of the various religions that I would like to combine would make for an almost perfect religion so that all the undesirable elements of each religion are discarded and only the desirable aspects adapted. While it is perhaps impossible that such a religion could exist, it is an exercise in intellect to know that religion can in fact be a conglomeration of beliefs and elements emanating from various other, more ancient practices and cultures. I envision my religion to be all encompassing so that no rules and laws determine who can join my religion. The most important aspect of my religion is the fact that it will attempt to unite all those divided by the eccentricities of religion, especially Christians and Muslims. It will seek to propagate understanding and the reality that even with different religions, all the peoples of the world actually just subscribe to a singular concept, and that is the concept of love and compassion.

Multicultural Health Care Setting Essay

Nurses must be cultural competent before going abroad for them to be able to deliver nursing care that will allow effective interactions and the development of appropriate responses to persons from diverse cultures, races and ethnic backgrounds. Filipino nurses were overworked and underpaid in their own country, which is believed the reason that prods nurses to migrate. One main reason why Filipino nurses work abroad is to have a better future, where ever it may be, beside, most of Filipino nurses were somehow oriented about the culture of other states. They thought that it is better to shift gears for success rather waiting for nothing until they will got old. The principle of each and every Filipino nurses that works abroad, which is to have a better life in days to come is always proven, and the effectiveness of hard work and patience will always have the good result, and a better way of living that will bring them in each sweat that they done best, one of the good factor in working abroad is having the assurance to the successful, if one will do their best to do their best to pursue the dreamed to have a better life. Every Filipino nurses before going abroad must possess cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, cultural encounter and cultural desire. Q2. How can the revealed problems of nurses affect the changing practices in the multicultural health settings? Being in new country can be challenging because of the link between language and culture. Although other countries have the necessary language qualifications for entry of practice, they have difficulties if the workplace language is their second language. Nurses need to adjust on how to interact with patients, colleagues and fellow professionals in a multi-disciplinary team. They can experience cognitive fatigue from the need to concentrate on hearing and speaking of unfamiliar language. Language difficulties can lead to medical errors or near misses which affects the quality of care to patient. Male nurses can also face discrimination from other health care workers. Particularly in a work place full of female nurses, they may find they are not given the same respect that female nurses receive in the work place. It is important to speak to a supervisor, where it involves a colleague; they should try speaking to that person first. He may not have recognised that what they were saying amounted to discrimination. Everyone deserves a work place free from discrimination and stereotyping. The more men who continue to train to become nurses and more everyone speaks but against discrimination, the more effective all nurses can be in helping patients. Nurses who are sexually harassed at work frustration and emotional consequences. Sexual harassment at work increases anxiety and undermines the nurse’s ability to focus on the delivery of safe and competent care. Homesickness, weather and food are hard for the Filipino nurses to be adjusted of. But for the sake of their future they conquer this problem. They just think that they have higher income, better benefits and compensation package, lower nurse-patient ratio, more options on working hours and change to upgrade nursing skills, opportunity for family to migrate, opportunity to travel and learn other cultures, influence from peers and relatives and to experience advance technology, better socio-political and economic stability. Q3. Guided by the problems uncovered how the political and economic issues in the healthcare system may improve the nursing practice. Give at least five (5) substantial evidences. Politicians worldwide are confronted by the conflicting demands of a health service increasingly hungry for cash to fund advancing technology, an ageing population requiring more care and a public that wishes to keep taxation low. Changes may also come from a real desire to move the focus of healthcare away from an insensitive technological approach to one based on holistic care. At a time when the status of doctors is in decline, hastened by isolated but high profile ‘scandals’, it is easier to raise the status and responsibilities of nurses, whom the public regard with respect and affection. Other pressures have added to this process. These include a requirement to reduce the working hours of junior medical staff, and new training schemes which provide for more formal teaching and less face-to-face contact with patients. The medical focus is changing from treatment only, to active prevention strategies for example, screening for colorectal cancer. Biological therapies, such as antibodies for Crohn’s disease, are substantially more expensive than traditional drug treatments. Consumers that is, the healthcare-seeking publicare better informed and living longer. They are less tolerant of long waiting lists and want to be active participants in their own healthcare. Nurses are now generally better educated, within a university environment, and are more able to take on responsibility for patient care. The reaction of doctors to change in the status of nurses has been mixed. Some have embraced change enthusiastically: ‘Nurses can do some of what doctors do, usually to the greater satisfaction of patients. Others have been more guarded. But change seems inevitable. The question may be more about whether change will be imposed for the sake of political expediency or whether health professionals will take the lead in shaping the health service of the future. [pic] As I can see this paradigm, the message of this paradigm is as simple as we are committed to delivery of health care service that consist of Transcultural nursing, changing practice, health care system, political and economic issues, ethical, legal and social issues, bioethical issues in nursing and health care and issues in health care.

Behavioral Management for Early Childhood Pre-K essays

Behavioral Management for Early Childhood Pre-K essays There has been an alarming concern towards violence in the society. Whether it is in a developed or industrialized country, or if it is a society crippled by war, man is surrounded by different forms of violence. In the streets alone, a child may potentially witness death from gang encounters. Schools should have been a place where children can safely spend a majority of their time. However, even schools could not escape from the ill effects of violence and violent behavior from its students. In 1999, two high school seniors in a public school in Colorado had acted out a year long plan to kill hundreds of their peers: at the end of the day, they had killed twelve students, one teacher, and the two armed students had killed themselves. The Columbine massacre is one of the most disturbing acts of school violence done by children. At present, it has been the concern of parents, teachers, government officials and social workers to deter violence in schools. Violence in schools these past years has become rampant. In 2003 along, 5,570 children aged 10 to 24 years old were murdered (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2007). Thirty-three percent of high school students were reported to have been part of a physical fight in a year, while 17% carry a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club, within the past month. There has been an increasing trend of violent behavior being manifested by children. A kindergartner in Philadelphia was reported to have punched his pregnant teacher in the stomach. Some schools have had uncontrollable incidents of violence from primary school students that police had been asked to guard the schoolhouse door. These very young children have been reported to kick, bite, scratch and hit both classmates and teachers. In Philadelphia, 22 kindergartners had been suspended because of unruly, aggressive behavior, while 500 kindergartners had been suspended from Minneapolis schools over the past two years due to ag...

Marketing Research Project Research Paper Example

Marketing Research Project Research Paper Example Marketing Research Project Paper Marketing Research Project Paper Firstly we would like to thanks Almighty Allah who has given us the opportunity and grace to see every new day and made it possible for us to accomplish the final project Clothing direct by Sir Name Sheikh; the adviser of Marketing Research Project whose hard working and courageous support has made us able thus, clothing can help represent our personal identity. Shopping for clothes is one of the popular pastimes among people from all ages, different genders and cultural backgrounds. Owing to the proliferation of brands in the clothing sector, consumers need to take serious consideration during the buying processes. As mentioned by Rapport and Gasworks (2003), the arching processes can be divided into three stages, namely pre-purchase, purchase and post-purchase. Each stage is of equal importance that can alter the consumer buying decision. Once consumers make a purchasing decision, consumers may need to recognize their personal needs, read product information, decide which and where to buy, determine whether to buy again from the same retailer, choose the buying modes, show satisfaction to the services or product quality and finally be loyal to the brand. These highlight the complication of buying processes and the potential impact a brand could impose in between them. Several brands, under the influence of globalization and concerted efforts from media advertising, have become popular not only in their country of origin, but also in other markets with high potential. Having a strong and remarkable brand image could help establish an identity in marketplace (Asker, 1996), widen the profit margins, encourage greater intermediary co-operation as well as increase the chance for further brand extension (Delegated-Ballasted and Manure-Leman, 2005). In accordance with Delano et al. (2004), consumers appear to rely on the brand image as long as they have little knowledge about the brand. In this way, managing brand image is of utmost importance. In order to differentiate one brand from another, marketers would develop retail brands with unique image so as to continue to gain popularity and market share (Bend, 2000; Aladdin, 2001; Cornerstones and Ala, 2000). 1. 1 Branding According to the American Marketing Association (AMA), a brand is a Ã'›name term, sign, symbol or design or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competition. However, to many, a brand functions is to create awareness, reputation, reminisce and so on in the marketplace (Keller et al. 008). However, the definition of brand as offered in the Journal of Marketing Management by Professor Peter Doyle of Warwick University: A name, symbol, design, or some combination which identifies the product of a particular organization as having a substantial, differentiated advantage (OManley, 1991). 1. 2 Rationale of the research People are more conscious and aware abou t clothing fashion and everybody wants to look different and stylish in the society. Clothing is the main and important part of people lifestyle. Branded cloths are most preferable by people nowadays it is sort of status symbol in the society people are recognize by their clothing style brands plays very vital role in clothing sectors there are different varieties of brands in cloths and everyone likes according to their own choice so it is very important to know what are the factors which cause people to buy branded cloths. Brand image is also essential all promises which they want to give their customer by which they can create a strong brand image in the mind of the customer. By knowing all these points we can examine the condition of branded cloths on the mind of customer. 3 Problem statement Topic: The effects of brand image on consumer buying behavior in fashion clothing 1. 4 Aim of the study: The overall aim of this research is to identify the effects of brand image on consumer buying behavior on clothing and develop better understanding regarding their attitude towards brand names. 1. 5 Objectives of the study: To exam ine the different issues of brands and their impact in Pakistan To determine the key influences determining or undermining the effect of branded dresses in Pakistan To establish better understanding of branding theories transferability and applicability to Pakistanis clothing industry. . 6 Research Questions: 1 . What are the reasons people prefer branded cloths? 2. What are their expectations to branded cloths? 3. Which factor customers consider most while purchasing branded cloths? 1. 7 Research Hypotheses: Following hypotheses are proposed for this study on the basis of above research Ho?Brand image have positive effect on customer buying behavior in clothing. HI?Brand quality has direct relationship with customer buying. H2O=Pricing sensitivity has negative impact on customer preference. 1. 8 Significance of the Research: The importance of this research shows by the selection of a current and interesting research topic and its importance for business organizations. The findings of this study can be utilized by national fashion brands to reach and attract international consumers. By this research we can identify the factors which affect the consumer buying behavior. Also, the results of this will be useful for academia, students, and policy makers of the fashion industry. 2. 1 Introduction Consumer behavior refers to the activities in which people gain, consume and organize products and services (Blackwell et al. , 2001). Owing to the creation of brands in the recent decades, there is a growing number of researches perform in the field of consumer buying behavior. In this chapter, the literatures concerning the roles of brand and brand image are to be reviewed so as to provide a theoretical framework for the fore mentioned analysis. Brand serves a fundamental role for distinguishing goods and services from those of the competitors (Asker, 1991 ; Murphy, 1998). The evolving of brand equity underlies the importance of brand in marketing tactics and hence provides useful insights for managers and further research (Keller, 2003). . The important roles of brand Brand is a name in every consumers mind (Mooing, 1998) and it is characterized by a noticeable name or symbol which can differentiate the goods and services from the rivals (Asker, 1991; Keller, 1998). In addition to a specific brand name, a brand is also collection of products, packaging, promotion, advertising, as well as its overall presentation (Murphy, 1998). From the consumers perception, brand is a guarantor of reliability and quality in consumer products (Roman et al. , 2005). Added to this, consumers would like to buy and use brand-name products with a view to highlight heir personality in different situational framework (Asker, 1999; Fenniest and Prune, 2006). Nowadays, consumers have a wide range of choice to choose from when they enter a shopping mall. It is found that consumers emotions are one of the major determinants which affect their buying behavior (Berry, 2000). According to a research conducted by Freddie Media LLC (1998) on shopping habits, nearly one- fourth of the respondents are likely to impulse-buy clothes and accessories. When deciding which products to purchase, consumers would have their preferences, which are developed in accordance with their perceptions towards the brand. Successful branding could make consumers aware of the presence of the brand and hence could increase the chance of buying the companys products and services (Doyle, 1999). 2. 3 The characteristics of successful brands A brand can be an endless and profitable asset as long as it is maintained in a good manner that can continue satisfying consumers needs (Batcher, 1998; Murphy, 1998). Although successful brands can be totally different in nature, they share something in common, for instances well-priced products and consistent quality (Murphy, 1998). As mentioned by Levity (1983), there are four elements for building a successful brand, namely tangible product, basic brand, augmented brand and potential brand. Tangible product refers to the commodity which meets the essential needs of the customers. Basic brand, on the other hand, considers the packaging of the tangible product so as to attract the attention from the potential customers. The brand can be further augmented with the provision of credibility, effective after-sales services and the like. Finally and most importantly, a potential brand is established through engendering customer preference and loyalty. By doing so, the image of the brand could be well instilled in the customers mind. . 4 Brand equity The term brand equity refers to a set of assets and liabilities associated with a effects on the values arising from the products or services (Asker, 1991; Hasty et al. , 2007). Added to this, Keller (1998) points out that brand equity signifies the unique marketing effects imposed on the brand. Concerning the positive side of brand equity, it happens when consumers are willing to pay more for the same level of quality Just because of the attractiveness of the name attached to the product (Belle and Holbrook, 1995). However, brand equity could be ruined if it is not properly managed. For instance, poor product quality and customer services could adversely affect the brand image, giving rise to a reduction in sales volume. One of the quintessential examples regarding brand as a kind of equity is the imposition of laws to protect intellectual property (Murphy, 1998). In countries with well-established legal system, the values of brands have been recognized to both the consumers and producers. In order to combat piracy, many countries have set up laws to protect trademarks, patents, designs as well as copyright. In addition, brand is also a treatable product with measurable financial value (Murphy, 1998). For the consumers, brand equity could provide them with information about the brand which influences their confidence during the purchasing process. There is a high tendency for consumers with good perceptions to buy from the same shop again than those with poor perceptions. Past purchasing experiences and familiarity with the brand could be attributable to the perceptions generated from the consumers (Asker, 1991). As for the firm, brand equity could also be a source for the firm to generate cash flow. Besides, brand equity could also allow higher margins through premium pricing and educed reliance upon promotional activities (Asker, 1991). Owning to the positive image, consumers no longer focus on the short-term promotion but the brand on the whole. Brand equity is a broad concept which can be further subdivided into four main areas, namely brand loyalty, name awareness, perceived quality and brand associations (Asker, 1991; Keller, 1998). 2. 5 Brand awareness Brand awareness is one of major determinants of brand equity. It refers to the ability of a potential consumer to recall and recognize the brand, linking the brand with its corresponding product class (Asker, 1991). The level of brand awareness lies in a range; with brand identification being the lowest level and the first named brand with independently recall being the highest level. It is important for the potential consumers to be aware of a product so that it can become one of the purchasing choices. This is due to the fact that the product needs to enter the awareness set before it comes to the consideration set (Blackwell et al. , 2001) and an increase in brand awareness is beneficial to a higher chance of entering the later set (Indulged, 1990). In this way, brands with higher level of awareness would be more keel to be purchased (Hasty et al. , 2007). This could probably explain why consumers tend to buy a recognizable brand rather than an unfamiliar one (Hoer, 1990; Macdonald and Sharp, 2000). Several factors can alter the level of brand awareness. In case of China, its geographical location and politics could affect the consumer brand awareness level seriously. As declare by Keller (1998), brand awareness can be enhanced through repeat exposure to the brand. In order to achieve brand awareness, two tasks are to be accomplished, namely increasing brand name identity and associating it with the product class. Advertising and celebrity endorsement advertisement attitude is attributable to the influence on brand attitudes, affecting consumers intention to purchase (Mackenzie et al. , 1986; Tsar et al. , 2007). In recent decades, there is an increasing number of advertising campaigns around the world. Consumers are hence well-equipped with relative elements to Judge which product or service to purchase (Olivarez and Clavicles, 2005). Moreover, celebrity endorsement can give rise to source credibility and source attractiveness. For source credibility, as pointed out by McGuire (1978), celebrities can disseminate messages to particular nonusers and hence increase the brand awareness. As for source attractiveness, good endorsement can associate the culture of the celebrity world with the endorsed product (McCracken, 1989). This association can raise the public awareness towards the brand. 2. 6 Brand quality Another important characteristic to brand equity is quality. It is defined as the customers perception of the overall quality or superiority of a product or service (Asker, 1991; Keller, 1998; Hasty, 2007). Since it is a kind of intangible, overall feeling towards a brand, it is subjective in nature and hence the knowledge of actual detailed product specifications could have little correlation with the perceived quality. Perceived quality of a brand could help generate values by providing a pivotal reason-to-buy, differentiating the position of a brand, charging premium price, motivating channel members to perform well and also introducing extensions into new brand categories (Asker, 1991). In addition, it is found that perceived quality is of utmost importance in determining brand loyalty as well as repeat purchase (Delano et al. , 2004). Nevertheless, it is becoming more difficult to obtain satisfactory bevel of perceived quality owing to the fact that fast and continuous product improvement has already strengthened consumers expectations on product quality (Sherman, 1992). Similar to brand awareness, perceived quality is determined by a number of factors. To be more specific, perceived quality can further be classified into product quality and service quality. Regarding product quality, there are seven dimensions which affect the consumers perception, namely performance, features, conformance with specifications, reliability, durability, serviceability as well as fit and knish. Service quality, on the other hand, is Judged by its corresponding tangibles, reliability, competence, responsiveness and empathy (Asker, 1991). In addition to the aforementioned dimensions, the country-of-origin of a product is found to affect its perceived quality (Chattering and Mortgagors, 1990) and also the perceptions towards the purchased value (Aimed and toasts, 1993). As mentioned by Christianson and Knott (2002), consumers are tending to develop stereotypical beliefs about the products from particular countries. Hence, consumers could have their king for products made from one country over another (Padlocks et al. , 1991). Moreover, price is one of the important clues to evaluate perceived quality (Asker, 1991). It is found that price is more relevant in Judging the perceived quality of a product given that a person lacks the ability to evaluate the quality off product. 2. 7 Brand loyalty Brand loyalty is one of the most important components of brand equity and also positively and directly affected brand equity (Italian et al. , 2005). Under the influence of brand loyalty, consumers continue to buy the brand, regardless of the superior

Ue o Muite Arukou by Kyuu Sakamoto †Sukiyaki Song

Ue o Muite Arukou by Kyuu Sakamoto – Sukiyaki Song Listening or singing a song is a great way to learn a language. With a melody, it is easier to mimic words and sing along even you dont understand the meaning. Here is a great song called, Ue o Muite Arukou by Kyuu Sakamoto released in 1961. The title, Ue o Muite Arukou translates into, I look up when I walk. However, it is known as Sukiyaki in the United States. The title Sukiyaki was chosen because it is easier to pronounce for Americans, and it is a word that they associate with Japan. Sukiyaki is a kind of Japanese stew and has nothing to do with the song. The song topped the pop charts for three weeks in 1963. It is the only Japanese language song to hit #1 in the US. It sold over 13 million copies internationally. According to recent news, the British singer, Susan Boyle, will be covering the song as a bonus track for the Japanese version of her third album. Tragically, Sakamoto was killed when Japan Airlines Flight 123 crashed in 1985. He was 43 years old. All 15 crew and 505 out of 509 passengers died, for a total of 520 deaths and only 4 survivors. It remains the worst single airline disaster in history. Japanese Lyrics Ue o muite arukou ä ¸Å Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥ â€˜Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦Ã¦ ­ ©Ã£ â€œÃ£ â€ Namida ga koborenai youni æ ¶â„¢Ã£ Å'㠁“㠁 ¼Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Omoidasu haru no hi æ€ Ã£ â€žÃ¥â€¡ ºÃ£ â„¢ æ˜ ¥Ã£  ®Ã¦â€" ¥Hitoribocchi no yoru ä ¸â‚¬Ã¤ º ºÃ£  ¼Ã£  £Ã£  ¡Ã£  ®Ã¥ ¤Å" Ue o mute aurkou ä ¸Å Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥ â€˜Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦Ã¦ ­ ©Ã£ â€œÃ£ â€ Nijinda hoshi o kazoete 㠁 «Ã£ ËœÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£   Ã¦ËœÅ¸Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¦â€¢ °Ã£ Ë†Ã£  ¦Omoidasu natsu no hi æ€ Ã£ â€žÃ¥â€¡ ºÃ£ â„¢ Ã¥ ¤ Ã£  ®Ã¦â€" ¥Hitoribocchi no yoru ä ¸â‚¬Ã¤ º ºÃ£  ¼Ã£  £Ã£  ¡Ã£  ®Ã¥ ¤Å" Shiawase wa kumo no ue ni Ã¥ ¹ ¸Ã£ â€ºÃ£  ¯ é› ²Ã£  ®Ã¤ ¸Å Ã£  «Shiawase wa sora no ue ni Ã¥ ¹ ¸Ã£ â€ºÃ£  ¯ ç © ºÃ£  ®Ã¤ ¸Å Ã£  « Ue o muite arukou ä ¸Å Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥ â€˜Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦Ã¦ ­ ©Ã£ â€œÃ£ â€ Namida ga koborenai youni æ ¶â„¢Ã£ Å'㠁“㠁 ¼Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Nakinagara aruku æ ³ £Ã£  Ã£  ªÃ£ Å'ら æ ­ ©Ã£  Hitoribocchi no yoru ä ¸â‚¬Ã¤ º ºÃ£  ¼Ã£  £Ã£  ¡Ã£  ®Ã¥ ¤Å"(Whistling) Omoidasu aki no hi æ€ Ã£ â€žÃ¥â€¡ ºÃ£ â„¢ ç §â€¹Ã£  ®Ã¦â€" ¥Hitoribocchi no yoru ä ¸â‚¬Ã¤ º ºÃ£  ¼Ã£  £Ã£  ¡Ã£  ®Ã¥ ¤Å" Kanashimi wa hoshi no kage ni æ‚ ²Ã£ â€"㠁 ¿Ã£  ¯Ã¦ËœÅ¸Ã£  ®Ã¥ ½ ±Ã£  «Kanashimi wa tsuki no kage ni æ‚ ²Ã£ â€"㠁 ¿Ã£  ¯Ã¦Å"ˆã  ®Ã¥ ½ ±Ã£  « Ue o muite arukou ä ¸Å Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥ â€˜Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦Ã¦ ­ ©Ã£ â€œÃ£ â€ Namida ga koborenai youni æ ¶â„¢Ã£ Å'㠁“㠁 ¼Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Nakinagara aruku æ ³ £Ã£  Ã£  ªÃ£ Å'ら æ ­ ©Ã£  Hitoribocchi no yoru ä ¸â‚¬Ã¤ º ºÃ£  ¼Ã£  £Ã£  ¡Ã£  ®Ã¥ ¤Å"(Whistling) Here is the translation of the Japanese lyrics. The English version of Sukiyaki recorded by A Taste of Honey doesnt have a literal translation. English Version I look up when I walkSo that the tears wont fallRemembering those spring daysBut I am all alone tonight I look up when I walkCounting the stars with tearful eyesRemembering those summer daysBut I am all alone tonight Happiness lies beyond the cloudsHappiness lies above the sky I look up when I walkSo that the tears wont fallThough the tears well up as I walkFor tonight I am all alone(Whistling) Remembering those autumn daysBut I am all alone tonight Sadness lies in the shadow of the starsSadness lurks in the shadow of the moon I look up as I walkSo that the tears wont fallThough the tears well up as I walkFor tonight I am all alone(Whistling) Grammar Notes Muite is te-form of the verb muku (to face). The te-form is used to connect two or more verbs. In this sentence, the verbs muku and aruku are connected.Arukou is volitional form of the verb, aruku (to walk).Koborenai is the negative form of the verb, koboreru (to fall, to drop) ~ youni. ~ youni means, in order that ~. Nai youni means, in order not to ~. Here are some examples.Gakkou ni okurenai youni hayaku okiru. Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã¦   ¡Ã£  «Ã© â€¦Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Ã¦â€" ©Ã£  Ã¨ µ ·Ã£  Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š- I get up early so that Im not late for school.Kaze o hikanai youni ki o tsuketeiru. 㠁‹ã Å"を㠁 ²Ã£ â€¹Ã£  ªÃ£ â€žÃ£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Ã¦ °â€"を㠁 ¤Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š- Im taking care of myself so that I dont catch a cold.Nijinda is informal perfective ending for the verb, nijimu (to blot, to blur). It modifies the noun, hoshi (star). It means with teary eyes the stars looked blurry.~ nagara of nakinagara  indicates that two actions are taking place simultaneously. Here are some examples.Terebi o minagara, asagohan o taberu. ãÆ'†ãÆ' ¬Ã£Æ'“ã‚’è ¦â€¹Ã£  ªÃ£ Å'ら〠Ã¦Å" Ã£ â€Ã£  ¯Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£â€šâ€™Ã© £Å¸Ã£  ¹Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š- I watch television while I eat breakfast.Ongaku o kikinagara, benkyou suru. éŸ ³Ã¦ ¥ ½Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ Å¾Ã£  Ã£  ªÃ£ Å'ら〠Ã¥â€¹â€°Ã¥ ¼ ·Ã£ â„¢Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š- I listen to music while I study.

The Gettier Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Gettier Problem - Essay Example Gettier’s argument says that it is possible that a person believes in something that is justified as well as wrong at the same time. One flaw is that Gettier’s argument can lead us to cynicism because it is evident from our everyday lives that it is hardly the case when something is justified by satisfactory evidence that fulfills all philosophical rules of relevant evidence. Gettier wrote his 1963 paper refuting the ‘Justified true Belief’ JTB. If Gettier’s paper is considered true than JTB nullifies but the following example exposes cracks in Gettier’s paper. S knows that P if and only if; ïÆ'Ëœ S believes P ïÆ'Ëœ P is true ïÆ'Ëœ S is justified in believing P ïÆ'Ëœ And P causes S to believe in P This example excludes the example of Gettier. And doesn’t believe in something as a given fact, for instance if there is a group of people and one person out of the group happens to be Brazilian, the above example cannot give me the position to state that I know that someone out of this group is a Brazilian since this fact will not be my cause for knowing. In his paper, is justified true belief knowledge of 1963, Edmund Gettier raised a problem which he argued and viewed in the traditional knowledge theory. Many attempts by a number of epistemologists have failed, for example, Thomas Paxson and Keith Lehrer put across a theory, which utilized the defeasibility argument to attempt solving the Gettier problem (Lehrer and Paxon 225- 237). In my opinion, Gettier’s problems possibly cannot be beaten of defeated on the basis of principles because in order to understand these problems one has to consider the premise of these problems as true, as it will explained later in this paper that Gettier only plays with the justification and the truth. And it is evident that there is a very fine line between the justification and the truth. Moreover, there is always a certain level of truth to be accepted by a prudent person. For instance, if we all agree to the fact that a billiard ball is round, the question is, is it really round in shape? Students of physics might know that when things are observed at molecular levels, the shapes and boundaries of objects are very different from what they were previously considered. So a billiard ball might not be exactly round at a very fine microscopic or atomic level. Similarly if we Gettier’s problems are considered a law or considered sufficient enough to define knowledge th en the shape of the earth can be figured out by a bowling ball. For instance it is a common observation that a bowling ball is considered heavy and it is common sense that earth is holding all forests, water, land and mountains, and is also a very heavy object. Now the bowling ball is round in shape, therefore we can conclude that the earth is also round in shape. I believe that it satisfies Gettier’s problem but this is infect a terrible logic, there is no relevance between the two objects. If only such premises are considered then earth would be shaped like a washing machine because a washing machine is heavy too. One of the many objectives of epistemologists is to come up with a theory of knowledge that specifies the necessary conditions for knowledge. Traditionally, scientists have only agreed to three of these conditions, and they include p is true, s believes in p, and s has a justification to believe in p. according to the theories, if the theories satisfied the condit ions then one could say that s knows p. but then Gettier came along with his arguments. In his arguments, he proposed to counterarguments to the traditional conditions, where the theory

Climat chenge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Climat chenge - Essay Example purposely developed a new protocol which aims to serve as the latest legal instrument that can be used to help us overcome the challenges and negative consequences of severe climate change (Rajamany; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). In response to the latest UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the main obstacles behind a successful global agreement will be tackled in details followed by discussing the extent to which these challenges can be easily overcome. In the past, several Conventions were developed by the United Nations and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change which include the Bali Plan Action in 2008, the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, and the Cancun Agreements were implemented to effectively control the global climate change (Kyoto Protocol; United Nations and UNFCCC). The Kyoto Protocol served as the â€Å"legal binding agreement under which industrialized countries will reduce their collective emissions of greenhouse gases by 5.2% compared to the year 1990† (Kyoto Protocol) whereas the Bali Plan Action served as a two-year guideline that aims to finalize the legal agreement in 2009 (United Nations and UNFCCC). In 2010, the Cancun Agreements is composed of decisions made by the international community on each country can work together in solving the long-term problems with regards to climate change (UNFCCC). In 2012, the Kyoto Protocol is expected to expire by the end of 2012 (The New York Times). Last November 2011, the Durban Climate Change Conference was held in Doha, Qatar in order to publicly introduce a new protocol which could serve as a universal legal agreement on issues related to climate change (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). During the Durban Climate Change Conference, it was mentioned that the new expiration date for the Kyoto agreement would be either 2017 or in 2020 (The New York Times). As of August 2011, a total of 192 states and countries have already signed and ratified the

Court system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Court system - Essay Example According to the article, it is even possible for Casey to be set free if Judge Belvin Perry rules that Casey could serve the years concurrently. The article also gave a brief background on the details of the trial. It also discussed the varied reactions on the verdict from the people inside and outside the courtroom. I think that the writers of the article presented the facts of the case in a fair and unbiased manner. They gave both sides of the case in an objective manner. However, there was one part of the article where I doubted their being fair, specifically in page 2. The title given to that part of the article is â€Å"Casey Anthony’s Shocking Verdict† (Hopper, Friedman and De Nies 2). I think that the word â€Å"shocking† implied that the authors expected a guilty verdict. I myself am not in agreement with the â€Å"not guilty† verdict given by the jury. I felt that there was enough evidence to convict Casey for the gruesome murder of her daughter. The question left unanswered by the article is whether an appeal could still be made by the prosecutors.

The Distribution of Primary Goods by Nozick and Rawls Essay

The Distribution of Primary Goods by Nozick and Rawls - Essay Example He contends that if individuals have acquired their share in the distribution in a fair manner, without violating the rights of other people, then the distribution is just. Since such acquisitions are made using the natural talents that individuals possess, he argues that injustice cannot contend in the allocation and use of natural talents. The system whereby such distributions have resulted are the result of gifts or acquisitions made on the basis of individual initiative, which is just, as a result, the distribution resulting out of it is also just. Rawls, however, offers a different view on the distribution of primary assets, viewing it on the basis of its end outcome. He contends that since the outcome is an unjust distribution of primary assets in society, it is morally repugnant and must be redressed through the input from social and legal establishments by providing equality in opportunity for access to those resources to all individuals. Nozick’s theory of justice is based upon the â€Å"entitlement theory of holdings†, wherein the question of justice in acquisition is determined by the manner in which the property is acquired rather than the final outcome itself. Property may be transferred either through gift giving or by free exchange selling. Both these methods are undertaken voluntarily and there is no coercion at all that is involved in one person passing on a property to another. (Nozick, 151). He argues that when land does not belong to anyone at first, then a just acquisition process would allow someone to own it legitimately and claim it as theirs, so long as they do not make anyone else worse off in the process. Nozick’s theory of justice is, therefore, a system of pure procedural justice, where the important aspect to be considered is the process and system by which distributions are made, rather than the final outcome of that distribution.

Lake Effect Snow Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lake Effect Snow - Research Paper Example Lake snow effect usually happens during the winter and in particular the Midwest when the area is dominated by cold cP or cA and clear air (Ahrens 207). The specific areas where the lake effect snows are notorious are the eastern and southern shores of the Great Lakes (Geerts 1). When such a phenomenon occurs, the people in this region get prepared for heavy snow showers. These storms are highly localized and they extend only a few kilometers to more a hundred kilometers inland. The snow basically falls as squall or heavy shower in the concentrated zones. The snow is very much centralized such that a part of the city may accumulate several centimeters of the snow, while in another; the ground has nothing (Ahrens 207). Lake effect snow is rampant from the month of November to January. â€Å"During these months, cold air moves over the lakes when they are relatively warm and not quite frozen† (Ahrens 207). The difference between air and water temperature can be as high as 25 degrees centigrade. Studies conducted have indicated the greater the difference in the temperature, the higher the probability of having a snow shower. Causes of Lake effect Snow It is imperative to note that the snowfall is not caused by the proximity of the ocean or the mountains and the difference is not because the eastern and the southern shores are cooler than the regions surroundings; in fact, they are only a little warmer than the surrounding shores.

Immanuel Kant Moral Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Immanuel Kant Moral Theory - Essay Example Emotions and desires should not hinder one from doing what is morally right. Such a stand raises several questions that Kant failed to state clearly. By emphasizing the superiority of reason, Kant seems to underrate the influence of emotions in decision making (Haidt 93). In some instances, it is difficult to separate emotions from reasoning. To understand this, other critics use an example of a situation where Kant's ambiguous claim is shown. The example goes that if one was to find their mother and another complete stranger drowning, Kant's moral duty theory fails to explain why one would choose to save their mother first. The theory is also not in a position to provide insight as to why that would not be the proper thing to do. Kant’s claim leads to another question. Which between emotion and reason is superior? Plato was of the opinion that the reason was the greater of the two, claiming that the reason was the king of the soul and the controller of passions (Haidt 189). O ther philosophers and psychologists however differ with Plato. David Hume claimed that the reason was the slave of passions whose sole role was to serve continually and obey them (Hume 173-196). Reasoning was just rationalization whereas the ego was the servant of the id. More researchers took to investigate the matter with differing results and findings. According to (Kagan 304), there existed a set of states in a society that formed the basis for various moral categories in which moral judgment and reasoning is embedded.

Lake Effect Snow Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lake Effect Snow - Research Paper Example Lake snow effect usually happens during the winter and in particular the Midwest when the area is dominated by cold cP or cA and clear air (Ahrens 207). The specific areas where the lake effect snows are notorious are the eastern and southern shores of the Great Lakes (Geerts 1). When such a phenomenon occurs, the people in this region get prepared for heavy snow showers. These storms are highly localized and they extend only a few kilometers to more a hundred kilometers inland. The snow basically falls as squall or heavy shower in the concentrated zones. The snow is very much centralized such that a part of the city may accumulate several centimeters of the snow, while in another; the ground has nothing (Ahrens 207). Lake effect snow is rampant from the month of November to January. â€Å"During these months, cold air moves over the lakes when they are relatively warm and not quite frozen† (Ahrens 207). The difference between air and water temperature can be as high as 25 degrees centigrade. Studies conducted have indicated the greater the difference in the temperature, the higher the probability of having a snow shower. Causes of Lake effect Snow It is imperative to note that the snowfall is not caused by the proximity of the ocean or the mountains and the difference is not because the eastern and the southern shores are cooler than the regions surroundings; in fact, they are only a little warmer than the surrounding shores.

How a new company deal with orgnizational behavior in a new country Essay

How a new company deal with orgnizational behavior in a new country - Essay Example nced by, or learnt from their superiors since an enabling organizational behavior can be achieved if leaders set a good example to employees, and practice ethical behavior towards everyone in the organization. Leaders need to be emphatic, and be considerate on how such as decision shall affect the total morale and attitudes of the organization as a whole (Bonin, 2012). In addition, the notion of leaders giving instructions or making ethical judgments, while they themselves do not apply it would create a negative impression on employees hence affect organizational behavior. Secondly, the author relates the influence of changing technology on organizational behavior, and organization as a whole. He argues that changes in technology create a competitive advantage for the organization, and if handled well it enables the organization to increase its bottom line. Moreover, when these changes are introduced to the organization they usually lead to the production of higher quality products and services. With this change in technology, employees work performance may be affected as they have to adapt to these changes. Changes in technology may affect the employees work performance negatively; in turn, increase work related stress among them. This stress levels affect them physically and mentally and if not handled well shall affect the work performance of employees, reduce job satisfaction and in the long run the overall organizational output (Bonin, 2012). The article provides a solution in handling this work related stress in the workplace that may be caused by technological change. It states that in order to create better organizational behavior among employees, organizations need to provide training to employees on the changes in technology to enable them adapt well. There is also need to provide information on literature on stress, and if possible provide counseling to employees to help reduce stress. In the case of a new company in a new country, it should consider

A Brief Introduction about the growth of the USA as a Superpower Essay Example for Free

A Brief Introduction about the growth of the USA as a Superpower Essay After the end of World War-II, two allies the USA and the erstwhile USSR fought bitterly for supremacy. The power struggle between these countries witnessed the involvement of more nations, which started a cold war. Ideologically, the USA and the USSR were completely different. While the USA was a capitalist country, the USSR was a communist nation. This ideological difference was one of the prime reasons for the conflict between these two major powers as the USA always fought against communism. Cold War, which started in 1945, ended with the disintegration of USSR. After the collapse of Soviet Union, there was no competitor left to challenge the USA. The power and influence of the USA grew further and it became the unchallenged superpower. There was no other country that could match the USA in terms of military, economic and political strength. As a major donor to the United Nations, it gained the authority in all-important matters. The first display of the power of the USA came in 1990-91 in the Gulf War. Protesting against the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the USA and its allies attacked Iraq. The attack got the approval of the United Nations. The US attack was spearheaded by then President George Bush Senior. Ultimately, the war ended with the complete withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait. The Gulf War demonstrated the power and influence of the USA in the global arena and it opened a new chapter in the world history. Bill Clinton succeeded George Bush Senior as the President of the USA. Under his rule, there were significant developments in the US policies and it played a major role in finding a solution to most of the conflicting issues like Palestine issue and Indo-Pak conflict. George W Bush as the President of the USA After Bill Clinton’s term expired, George W Bush, son of the former President George Bush Senior, became the President of the USA in 2001. Prior to his Presidency, he served as the Governor of the Texas. He was always known for his conservative and hard-core policies, which earned him a lot of reputation. His election to the highest office of the Unites States was certain to bring major changes in the US policy towards to rest of the world. After taking the reigns of a great nation, Bush concentrated on internal issues to build a new strong and prosperous nation, which can stand against the odds. See more: introduction paragraph example Nation building was his first priority and he took certain measures on Security, Education, Health and welfare schemes to provide equal opportunities to all Americans. As a Republican, it was expected that George Bush will follow different yardsticks and will reverse the policies implemented by his predecessor Bill Clinton, a Democrat. It was feared that foreign policy of the USA will be changed and some countries might face the wrath of the USA for not following the principles set by it. But it was never expected that Bush would influence the geo-political situation in the world to such a great extent. 9/11, Attack on WTC The fateful morning of September 11, 2001 brought a significant change in the world politics. Two US Airline Planes hijacked by the terrorists hit the WTC towers in New York City. The explosion rocked not only the USA, but also the whole world. Initially, nobody understood what happened. But within minutes it was clear that terrorists successfully attacked the most powerful nation in the world, making a dent in its strong security system. Thousands of people died as the twin towers were razed to the ground. Another plane hit the Pentagon, which is the defence headquarter of the USA. A fourth plane which was supposed to hit the White House was crashed near Shanksville. Planes hitting the WTC tower and flames coming out of the building were telecasted all over the world. This incident shook the basic foundation of the Unites States of which it always boasted. Surprisingly, there was no trace of President George Bush during such a crisis. The whole world was looking for him to know his reaction. But he was busy in a school in Florida in a photo-op. At a later stage, he was criticised heavily for his failure to react to the tragedy immediately. â€Å"The attack was the most lethal ever experienced by the USA. Official death toll was almost 3000, which was the highest casualty in the US history. September 11 attack was the most significant in the history of the world. It changed the world in terms of economic, social and military aspects and the one man who took the charge to declare a war against terrorism was President George W Bush. † Reeling under criticism for his delayed response to such a tragedy, President Bush addressed the nation exactly 12 hours after the attacks were carried out. He declared, â€Å"Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shattered steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve. † With this, he declared a war on terrorism and urged the world to join him. Al Qaeda hand in the WTC Attack The investigation made by the US Intelligence Bureau revealed that the terrorists who carried out the attacks were Arab nationals and the militant group ‘Al Qaeda’ which was headed by Osama Bin Laden trained them. Osama Bin Laden was exiled from Saudi Arabia and was living in Afghanistan, which was ruled by the Taliban Militia. He had developed a good rapport with the Taliban and Pakistan’s Secret Service, ISI. â€Å"Ironically, it was the same Laden who received full support from the USA to fight against the Soviet troops during the Cold War when Afghanistan was occupied by the USSR. The USA provided military and financial support to the groups headed by Bin Laden and Taliban, which indulged in guerrilla fighting. But within a decade, situation became completely different. Laden and the fundamentalists who supported him were angered by the US support to Israel over Palestine issue and economic sanctions imposed by the USA against Iraq and Afghanistan. US policies towards Iraq and other Islamic countries made them believe that the USA is the worst enemy of the Muslims. Such hatred feelings made them declare a ‘Jihad’ (Holy War) against the United States. † Analysis of the relationship between the Taliban and Al Qaeda â€Å"The USA warned the Taliban several times in the past against harbouring the terrorists on its soil. When the Taliban did not heed to its advice, the then Clinton administration imposed tough economic sanction against Afghanistan. After George Bush came to power, he extended the sanctions against Taliban for its continuing support to the terrorist Osama Bin Laden. This angered the Islamic militants further and they made strategies to cause more damage to the United States. † In the words of Robert Baer, Terrorist campaigns arent directed just against the enemy. They are campaigns of recruitment as well, and by demonizing bin Laden, by holding him up as the master-mind of the attacks and as the arch-enemy, we have assured that the disillusioned, the angry, the desperate young men of the Muslim world will flock to his cause, whether hes dead or alive to lead it. And yes, there are more men like that than we could ever count. After the September 11 attack, the USA realised that it has to take strong measures to tackle with terrorists who found a safe haven in Afghanistan. It is the USA, which is completely responsible for the growth of ‘Taliban’ and ‘Al Qaeda’ in Afghanistan. To weaken the Soviet Union, it always provided financial and military support to these groups. But at the later stage, they emerged as the dangerous enemies of the USA. The Taliban controlled 90 per cent of Afghanistan and was advancing to control the rest of the areas, which were controlled by its rival groups. The growing influence of the Taliban became a major concern for the US. War against Taliban and Osama Bin Laden The USA asked the Taliban to stop harbouring terrorists, destroy all the terrorist camps and hand over the dreaded militants including Osama Bin Laden to the US administration. As expected, Taliban refused to yield to the pressure of the United States and vowed to fight back if the USA attacks Afghanistan. On its war against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, the USA made some surprise alliances. Russia, against whom the USA used the Taliban, joined the USA on its assault against the same forces. Two former Soviet countries, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan also joined the USA. India, which was bitten by the diplomacy of the Taliban in the Kandahar hijack issue, offered its unconditional support to the United States. It was decided that while the US and Russia will fight the Taliban from the front with the help of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, India and Iran will play the role of â€Å"facilitator† by offering logistic support to the Northern Alliance of Afghanistan which always fought against the Taliban rule. The US held meetings and consultations with Russian and Indian delegations to make a clear-cut strategy on the war against the Taliban. The Northern Alliance led by Ahmed Shah Masood had a strong base in the Panjsher valley. India supplied high warfare equipments and provided tactical advice to Ahmed Shah Masood in the operation against the Taliban. Finally, the USA started bombarding the terrorist camps and key Taliban installations in Afghanistan. Russia, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan joined the USA in the operation. While the USA continued its assault in the Taliban controlled areas, the Northern Alliance made its advance from the frontier. The US attack on Afghanistan has created a new problem for the neighbouring countries Pakistan, Iran and Turkmenistan. Thousands of refugees from Afghanistan tried to cross the borders. When these countries closed their borders fearing a heavy refugee exodus, it led to a refugee crisis in South Asia. As the war gets thicker, the power and strength of the Taliban Militia waned. Either they surrendered, got killed or hide in the mountains. Taliban leader Mulla Mohammad Omar and Al Qaeda leader, Osama Bin Laden went into hiding. The Northern Alliance backed by the US reached Kabul and captured the city. Though the Taliban fighters made a retreat into the hills, they continued their guerrilla warfare. To counter their attack, the US troops engaged in the cleansing operation and searched though every village and corners to drag out the Taliban fighters. The battles of Tora Bora and Shah-I-Kot have seen the Taliban forces and Al Qaeda completely routed and running for safer places. Though the Taliban and Al Qaeda were routed, it did not show any seriousness to capture their leaders Mulla Mohammad Omar and Osama Bin Laden. As these leaders were not captured, it gave the USA enough reason to say that it had to stay in Afghanistan to stop the regrouping of Taliban and Al Qaeda forces. The Bush administration was always seen as a war-mongering one. It always tried to display its military and economic strength to the world in order to become a supreme power. It was believed that the 9/11 attacks were just used an excuse to implement its own political agenda and establish its control over all parts of the world. The USA had two rival powers, Russia and China. To resist these countries from advancing further and to keep a close watch on their movements, it needed a strong base in South Asia, from where it will be easy to monitor both the countries at the same time. Opportunity came in the form of 9/11 and Bush lost no time in seizing it. George Bush proved himself as a shrewd diplomat. By attacking the Taliban, he succeeded in curbing the dissent at home and at the same time he expanded the US military base abroad. By declaring a war on terrorism, he garnered support from the countries like Russia, India and others who were facing the menace of terrorism for a long time. He successfully exploited the public sentiments aftermath of 9/11 to fulfil global economic and military aims of American imperialism. The Bush Doctrine Under the leadership of George Bush, the USA changed its military doctrine from a policy of deterrence into a strategy of striking at the countries that threaten its interests. This doctrine, called as the ‘Bush Doctrine’ was formally adopted by the USA in September 2002. The US military and political community always considered adopting the idea of pre-emptive strikes. The Bush Doctrine has made it possible now. It was mentioned clearly that the USA would no longer allow any country to question the US military supremacy, as it happened during the Cold War era. The doctrine emphasised that the USA has the responsibility to maintain peace in the world by suppressing the rogue countries and terrorists. It also clearly stated that the US would never compromise on its national interests. It is believed beyond doubt that George Bush started implementing the new military doctrine even before it was officially adopted. It began before 9/11 and the terrorist attacks strengthened his hands to make it official. Bushs Iraq Policy The USA for decades intended to play an active role in the Gulf Region. It eyed the huge oil fields in the Iraq, which will boost its economy. Bush also felt it necessary to build up a permanent base in the Gulf region to tackle the Islamic countries like Iran and Syria and curb the Islamic fundamentalism against the USA. According to some startling revelations, George Bush planned to invade Iraq to ensure a regime change even before assuming power in January 2001. After being elected as the President of the USA, his first priority was to overthrow the Saddam Hussein regime in Iraq. As a continuation of American policy, George Bush enforced economic sanctions against Iraq and also forced the UN to do so. The United Nations imposed stringent economic sanction against Iraq to bring it to the negotiating table and to make the Saddam regime co-operate with the UN Inspectors as a process of disarmament. Gulf War-II â€Å"The first thing Bush did was to win the support of a major power, Britain. Britain’s Prime Minister, Tony Blair offered unconditional support to the USA in its plan for a regime change in Iraq. To settle the unresolved Iraq issue, Bush tried to influence the United Nations to muster full support of all the major countries in the world. To substantiate his claim for action against Iraq, he told the world that Iraq possesses weapons of mass destruction and they should be destroyed completely. † The USA tried to make the UN believe that Iraq had deadly chemical and biological weapons. The UN Security Council unanimously passed a resolution (1441) to disarm Iraq. Under pressure from the United Nations, Saddam Hussein agreed to allow UN observers to search for weapons of mass destruction and destroy them. With Iraq accepting the UN Security Council resolution, special UN observers arrived in Iraq in November 2002 and began their work. A fortnight later, Iraq provided a 12,000-page declaration of its WMD programme. â€Å"The declaration maintained that Iraq had no weapons of mass destruction. For four months, The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and U. N. Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) searched extensively for the WMDs, but could not come up with any evidence to support the USA claim that Iraq possesses such deadly weapons. † But the Bush administration was not ready to believe this. It pointed towards some sources to suggest that Iraq was still continuing its weapons programme secretly. It cited several instances where Iraq had reportedly carried out tests on chemical and biological weapons. It is still unclear where the US got such reports. But these reports helped Bush to mislead the world on Iraq. The USA and the UK joined hands to use force against Iraq. To further strengthen their point, they declared that Iraq had links with the terrorist groups like Al Qaeda, which masterminded the 9/11 attack. It was not easy to get UN Security Council’s nod to attack a sovereign country arbitrarily. But Saddam’s stubbornness and unwillingness to agree to the demands of the UN made their job easier. Iraqi President Saddam Hussein had a tough attitude towards the west. He suppressed his rivals ruthlessly. Thousands of people were killed during Saddam’s rule. Mass graves discovered after the war revealed about the atrocities carried out by him and his troops. On 17 March 2003, George Bush demanded that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and his two sons Uday and Qusay leave Iraq within the 48-hour deadline. Saddam Hussein was quick to denounce the US deadline. The next day US office spokesperson announced that the US would invade Iraq whether Saddam Hussein leaves or not. After the expiry of 48-hour deadline, Bush ordered to launch the attack on the key targets of Iraq. The coalition forces comprising of the USA and the UK invaded Iraq with ground and air strikes. Iraq fought back bravely with Saddam addressing the Iraqi people, Those who are believers will be victorious. In these decisive days, the enemy tried not using missiles and fighter jets as they did before. This time they sent their infantry troops. This time they have come to invade and occupy your land. After three weeks of intense fight, the Saddam regime in Baghdad collapsed and Saddam and his key aides disappeared from the city. The coalition forces led by the USA captured Baghdad and Bush announced the ‘freedom’ for the Iraqi people. After the collapse of Saddam regime, there was anarchy all over Iraq. Looting and theft took place in large numbers. It was a tough task for the Bush administration to bring the situation under control. It had to restore peace and normalcy and rebuild the war-ravaged nation which was its own doing. Later Saddam’s sons Uday and Qusay were killed and Saddam was captured. A democratically elected government was formed in Iraq. But the war against the US forces continued by the fundamentalist groups. After the defeat of Saddam Hussein, the USA and other UN agencies searched every part of Iraq to locate the so-called â€Å"weapons of mass destructions†. But they could not find a single piece of such weapons. It became clear to the world that the WMDs never existed. When asked why the US went into war in Iraq, Bush said, He retained the knowledge, the materials, the means and the intent to produce weapons of mass destruction and could have passed this knowledge to our terrorist enemies. Most of the members of the Security Council and the UN Secretary General himself, strongly opposed the US attack on Iraq. For instance, French President Jacques Chirac said that an attack could only be justified if it were decided on by the Security Council, and German Chancellor Gerhard Schroder said there would be no support in Germany for a strike without approval of the United Nations. It was believed that the USA violated the International law by attacking Iraq without the approval of UN Security Council. But defying the international mood, George Bush attacked Iraq causing chaos and devastation. He forced the country into a civil war, which is still going on. Surprisingly, neither the UN nor the anti-war groups in the world could take any action against the global hegemony of the USA. George Bush successfully manoeuvred the situation and was sworn in for a second term in 2005, proving all his critics wrong. Michael Byers, Associate Professor at Duke University of Law commented on the Bush Doctrine, â€Å"The policy was aimed at ‘effectively closing down dangerous regimes before they become imminent threats’ and thus represented a usurpation of the Security Council’s role in global affairs. † US Mediation in the Middle East Peace Process â€Å"Middle East was a part of Bush’s foreign policy. The conflict between Israel and Palestine was a stumbling block for the peace and prosperity in the Middle East region. For years, the USA supported Israel in its crusade against the Palestinians. Initially, Bush showed no interest to facilitate the peace process to find a peaceful settlement to the Israel-Palestine conflict. However, later he realised that the USA had to play a bigger role to stay active in the region. † Palestine leader, Yasser Arafat was a stubborn man and he did not intend to make any concession to Israel. As a result, all the dialogues between the two parties failed without any conclusion. However, the situation took an interesting turn with the death of Yasser Arafat. A new moderate government under the leadership of Mahmoud Abbas assumed power in Palestine. Bush found it easy to deal with the new incumbent and he prevailed on Israeli Prime Minister, Ariel Sharon to withdraw troops from the controversial Gaza Strip, which was seen as a revolutionary step for the peace in the region. Economic Policy of George Bush Economy was always in Bush’s mind to make America stronger and more powerful on the world forum. Two goals have guided Bush administration’s economic policy, i. e. , increasing economic growth and improving economic stability. The economic impact of 9/11 attacks has made the goals more challenging for George Bush. President Bush emphasised on three factors, i. e. , military, political and economic progress. The US economy was the largest in the world and it always influenced the decisions at the UN and IMF by providing the maximum financial support to these bodies. â€Å"The importance of international economic policy increased under Bush Doctrine. It was visible when Bush ordered to block all the financial accounts of the terrorist groups in the United States to cut off their main supply line. † Impact of the Bush Doctrine on the geo-political scenario of the world â€Å"Bush Doctrine changed the geo-political situation of the world to a great extent. Bush was always condemned as shrewd, warmonger and an oppressor by the world community. He displayed the might of the USA to the world at the cost of agony and suffering of the innocent people. People of America may have forgiven him by electing him for a second term, but history will never forgive him for his high-handedness and stubbornness, which devastated Afghanistan and Iraq beyond repair. † Bush’s arrogant and egoistic approach was seen in his statement after 9/11, Every nation, in every region, now has a decision to make. Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists. If we analyse the chronologies starting from Afghanistan to Iraq, it can be easily concluded that Bush played with the lives of innocent people for his personal gains and to settle the scores with his rivals. He always tried to show the world that nobody could ignore the United States even if the issue was related to the internal affairs of any country. He shattered the UN policy of non-interference in the internal matter of any sovereign nation. In the whole process, his action has raised serious questions on the necessity and validity of the United Nations, which became a mere puppet in the hands of the Unites States. His policies towards Afghanistan, Taliban, Iraq and Palestine clearly proved that he had a single point agenda, i. e. , to fulfil his personal ambitions by playing the role of Global Police. The consequences of the attack on Afghanistan and Iraq are visible from the causalities reported from those countries every alternate day. The destruction and chaos in these countries are far from over. One man who is responsible for this human tragedy is George W Bush. History will always remember George Bush for his destructive doctrine, which was written on the bloods of the innocent people. Bibliography BOOKS Ali, Tariq. Bush In Babylon: The Recolonisation of Iraq. New York: Verso, 2003. Aronowitz, Stanley; and Heather Gautney, Ed. Implicating Empire: Globalization Resistance in the 21st Century World Order. New York: Basic Books/Perseus Books, 2003. Carroll, James. Crusade: Chronicles of an Unjust War. New York: Henry Holt Company, 2004. Chomsky, Noam. Hegemony or Survival: Americas Quest for Global Dominance. New York: Henry Holt Company, 2003. Clarke, Richard. Against All Enemies: Inside Americas War on Terror. New York: Free Press, 2004. Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, From the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001. New York: Penguin Press, 2004. Everest, Larry. Oil, Power Empire: Iraq and the U. S. Global Agenda. ME: Common Courage Press, 2004. Khalidi, Rashid. Resurrecting Empire: Western Footprints and Americas Perilous Path in the Middle East. Beacon, 2004. Nojumi, Neamatollah. The Rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan: Mass Mobilization, Civil War, and the Future of the Region. New York: Palgrave/St. Martins Press, 2001. INTERNET SOURCES Keen, Judy. â€Å"Strain of Iraq war showing on Bush, those who know him say. † USA TODAY. 02 April 2003. 01 June 2005 http://www. usatoday. com/news/washington/2003-04-01-bush-cover_x. htm. Shah, Anup. â€Å"The Bush Doctrine of Pre-emptive Strikes; A Global Pax Americana†. Global Issues. 24 April 2004. 01 June 2005 http://www. globalissues. org/Geopolitics/Empire/Bush. asp.

Comparing the Blues in Hughes The Blues Im Playing and Baldwins Sonn

The Blues: in Hughes' The Blues I'm Playing and Baldwin's Sonny's Blues  Ã‚   In Langston Hughes' The Blues I'm Playing, the blues are the source of Oceola's life and her choices. Langston is trying to illustrate the conflict between life and art. The art in this story is represented in a confined manner, as a disciplined career with a white woman acting as the overseer in the young lady's life. Art to Oceola, with its profit, convenience and privileges offers an array of benefits, but being embodied in Dora Ellsworth, the art seems to drift away from life's vitality. Life in Oceola sings itself in jazz and blues in Harlem, ignores the artistic East 63rd Street and the rules by which are claims its superiority. There is a closeness between the blues and the life of Oceola as she summarizes her life for her patron. She remembers Mobile's roast pig and the large mouth of Billy Kersands, the minstrel leader who let her as a child place both hands inside it. The relevance of Negro experience to blues and jazz is the point in her recollection that her parents, both musicians, we... Comparing the Blues in Hughes' The Blues I'm Playing and Baldwin's Sonn The Blues: in Hughes' The Blues I'm Playing and Baldwin's Sonny's Blues  Ã‚   In Langston Hughes' The Blues I'm Playing, the blues are the source of Oceola's life and her choices. Langston is trying to illustrate the conflict between life and art. The art in this story is represented in a confined manner, as a disciplined career with a white woman acting as the overseer in the young lady's life. Art to Oceola, with its profit, convenience and privileges offers an array of benefits, but being embodied in Dora Ellsworth, the art seems to drift away from life's vitality. Life in Oceola sings itself in jazz and blues in Harlem, ignores the artistic East 63rd Street and the rules by which are claims its superiority. There is a closeness between the blues and the life of Oceola as she summarizes her life for her patron. She remembers Mobile's roast pig and the large mouth of Billy Kersands, the minstrel leader who let her as a child place both hands inside it. The relevance of Negro experience to blues and jazz is the point in her recollection that her parents, both musicians, we...

Comparing Gilgamesh and King Arthur :: comparison compare contrast essays

Gilgamesh and King Arthur The Epic of Gilgamesh has many similarities to The Legend of King Arthur. Although Gilgamesh and King Arthur have comparison they also have differences. The main difference is that one is an Epic and the other is a Legend. To compare and contrast The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Legend of King Arthor, one must first know what the words, "Epic" and "Legend" mean. Primarily, "epic" is a long narrative poem about the deeds of a semi-god, also known as a superhuman hero who's actions are depended on as the fate of a nation, tribe or a human race. This usually consists of an adventure filled plot and is concerned with timeless human problems such as honour, jealousy, war and hatred. These contain gods and goddesses and the setting is fixed in a far distant place at a time long past. Epics are based on legends and myths. Secondly, "legend" consists of a protagonist (superman) who manages to solve some problems that a group of people have encountered. This too consists of an adventure filled plot. In knowing the words, epic and legend there is now a better comprehension of these wondrous stories. The Legend of King Arthur is in comparison to The Epic of Gilgamesh because Arthur's closest companion was Merlin, and Gilgamesh's closest companion was Enkidu and neither Gilgamesh nor Arthur forgot their friends. Enkidu only came in contact with Gilgamesh after becoming a man. Enkidu released the animals from the hunter's traps when they ere caught, so to make him a man the prostitute slept with him so that the animals would be ashamed of him and reject him. King Arthur became aware of Merlin when he was a young man. When Arthur was born Merlin placed him in the care of Sir Ector, throughout his boyhood Arthur learned the ways of chivalry, knighthood and how to become a gentleman. At the tournament one day Arthur pulled Excalibur from the stone and this is what brought upon Arthur meeting Merlin once again. In The Legend of King Arthur, Merlin exclaimed, "it is the doom of men if they forget." Gilgamesh along with Enkidu together fought and killed Humbaba, protector of t he Cedar forest, and the Bull of Heaven, sent as punishment to Gilgamesh for killing Humbaba. King Arthur nor Gilgamesh forgot their faithful friends.

The Turbulent True Story of a First Year at Harvard Law School

INTRODUCTION One L is the first attempt at non fiction writing by Scott Turrow, an attorney by profession and a best selling novelist. Mr. He graduated from Harvard Law School and He has been a partner in the Chicago office of Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal, a national law firm, since 1986, Turrow has won multiple awards for his writings including the Heartland Prize in 2003 For â€Å"Reversible Errors† and the Robert F. Kennedy award in 2004 for Ultimate punishment. He is best known for his second non fictional work â€Å"The Ultimate Punishment† in which he discusses the death penalty.   He is currently a Member of Illinois' Executive Ethics Commission. Turrow’s fictional work is widely popular and although he confines his writing only to the murder mystery genre his work is commendable. Turrow’s reasons for finding this genre the most captivating are simple he says â€Å"Only in the mystery novel are we delivered final and unquestionable solutions. The joke to me is that fiction gives you a truth that reality can't deliver.† (Scott Turrow, 2001) SUMMARY Turrow in his book One L gives an account of what a first year law student goes through. Scott Turrow interprets the authenticity of the life of law students ubiquitously.   He describes an array of situations beginning of course with the excitement of being accepted into an Ivy League school, Harvard Law the most prestigious law school in the country. Mr. Turrow attended law school in the 70’s but he manages to narrate his story in a manner that seems enduring enough to keep a reader captivated all through the book he gets a tad dramatic at times giving details about everything one might experience in the first year of law college from the unusual kinds of students to the remarkable teachers, the stress the pressure even some horrific accounts about the way students are treated by the professors. It is common knowledge that Teachers in most law schools use the Socratic method of teaching which apparently comes as a surprise to Turrow The first year law students have to study the law of contracts, torts and criminal law.   â€Å"Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, the mornings we have Contracts . . . I'm nearly sick to my stomach. . . . I can't believe it, but I think about that class and I get ill,† writes turrow. As a common practice in colleges Turrow write about his study group. He also has ideas for improving the system and the overall experience of the first year law students. He suggests â€Å"brief writing, research, courtroom technique, document drafting, negotiation, client counseling, and the paramount task of gathering the facts.† Mr. Turow's study of the other students also appears rather outward and small-minded. The students are basically stereotyped into the â€Å"achievers†, â€Å"the complainers† â€Å"intellectuals,† â€Å"but who, in reality, are no more intellectual than a kindergartener with a crayon† and the professors who â€Å"harass† the students. He mentions nothing about the types of queries one comes across in a law school. He attended law school while he was married and his marital life added to the dilemmas of law school but what Mr. Turrow never mentions is that the average first year law student is not married his problems can not be compared to an average law student which eradicates the validity of the book as a true experience of an average student in addition to all these factors the fact that the seventies experience can not be compared to a present day experience should also be taken into account Another factor which is different in the present times compared to the time Turrow attended law school is the admissions procedure students planning to go to law school nowadays have the option of taking an editing test which means a lot of studying before the actual admissions meanwhile in the seventies students got admissions on the basis of their grades only Scotts work though comprehensive and interesting at times is nothing extraordinary much better books about first year experience as a law student have been written his style is true to his attorney self and drags the story along in mostly a negative tone giving the readers every horrific account possible with great insight into his own emotions and at times it almost sounds like he’s suggesting people should stop going to law schools just because the first year is tough. Mr. Turrow forgets to mention that for every student starting college being nervous is a natural thing and the first year of college anywhere is just a s tough as the first year of law school. Also an Ivy League school can not be compared to other schools. CONCLUSION Turrow’s story is completely subjective without any comprehensive insight into the facts of the situation and at times dramatic to the point of being annoying and pretentious, reading a book about another person’s life experience should open up a new world for the reader instead of imposing the author’s ideas. Perhaps it never occurred to Mr. Turrow that a school like Harvard would not change its 200 years old methods of teaching just because the first year students didn’t get a warm enough welcome at the school. Although Scott makes an honest effort to convey in the best possible way all his experiences he fails at achieving his goal. It’s an good enough book for students planning to go to law college but people with no interest in attending a law college would find this book over rated. WORKS CITED 1. Amazon inc (2006) book Review of One L: The Turbulent True Story of a First Year at Harvard Law School. Retrieved on 12th October 2006 from: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/customer-reviews 2. Scott Turrow (2006) biography of Scott Turrow. Retrieved on 12th October 2006 from:                  

Joe, a Filipino Rockssical: Play Review Essay

We were assigned to watch a stage play entitled Joe, a Filipino Rockssical last July 22, 2012 at St. Scholastica’s College, Manila. Actually, I have no interest in watching stage plays but after witnessing the presentation, my point of view changed. The play was about our national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, but who is Rizal? For me, Rizal in this modern period is an instrument for us to love our country more despite of the dilemmas or struggles experiencing by it. Even our country had some flaws or imperfections, even the views and beliefs of others to our country were unlovely, we should still be proud and fight for it like what Rizal who’s brave as a lion did. He was also an inspiration to all youths because of his distinct attributes and his perseverance when it comes to studies. The stage play, Joe, a Filipino Rockssical is a kind of presentation wherein it was accompanied by songs and dances which is for me, an effective strategy because it can avoid boredom among the viewers. It has three chapters and used Filipino language for us to understand the play. It also used a little English and Espaà ±ol. This play was not a drama at all, it was also blended with comedy that can crack someone up and will make your jaws fall from laughter. But the most important thing is that it has a moral lesson that the viewers will realize after watching. The stage play was started through a lively song and dance. Six students of Rizal Integrated School were assigned to research and perform a stage play about our national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, for the celebration of the 50th Foundation Day of the school. Joecas that symbolizes a man who values his craft more than anyone or anything else, is the writer and director, Joanne that symbolizes the character of having a principle and always with the truth, is the researcher, Hunter that symbolizes a character of having a principle and belief but can sacrifice it for the love of his life, is the composer of music, Bimbo that symbolizes a character that is persistent and diligent in reaching his dreams, is the choreographer, Ambo that symbolizes the character that is gleeful despite of his struggles especially when it comes to love, is the set designer, and Julia that symbolizes a character that has determination in reaching her dreams, is the fashion designer. They finished the play successfu lly although they have a little background or idea about the national hero. Ten years after, Joecas became a prominent writer. He was commissioned by the government to make and direct a stage play about the life of Rizal to be presented as a tribute for his 150th Anniversary of being a hero. Joecas together with his wife Joanne searched for his friends way back in high school to help him in the making of a stage play entitled Joe, the name that Josephine used to call Jose Rizal. Joanne became a successful researcher, Hunter became a rebel who climbed up in the mountains of Banawe, Bimbo became a DJ, Julia became a famous fashion designer, and Ambo owned a parlor. They have decided to stay at the condo of Joecas while finishing the play. During the researching and writing of the play, they learned many things about Rizal’s life. All the significant parts of the history about his live were presented. Some of these were about his love life including Josephine Bracken and Leonora, the writing of the novels that woke the consciousness of the Filipinos, the studying of Rizal abroad and here in Philippines, the exile of Rizal to Dapitan, the retraction of his ideologies to embrace again the Catholicism and to marry Josephine, and the shooting of him at Bagumbayan. The six main characters in the play also faced the different issues in their lives which are similar and compared to the life of Rizal. These consisted of the love of Joecas for Joanne and not sacrificing his love for art which is his true love, the love of Hunter for Joanne and the sacrifice of his ideologies, facing the true sexual preference of Ambo, consciousness of Bimbo about the problems of society, and Julia’s will of studying again. The conflict which is about the retraction was ended through a song and dance wherein the viewers were given the chance to decide whether Rizal signed the retraction or not. At the same time, they presented that even though Rizal signed it or not, what is important is that he had a stand about the ideologies and principles he’s fighting for and he kicked the bucket for the country. After all what happened, years passed, Joecas was given an award and honor for the stage play entitled Joe and he met his friends again during the event. The stage play was ended through a beautiful and magnificent music. In this play, many social illnesses are mentioned and shown and some of these are still occurring nowadays. In the dialogue stated by Ambo, â€Å"Palibhasa kabit ang nanay mo!†, is one of the social illnesses. It symbolizes a character of being a gossiper or spreading a speculation about a certain thing or person. It can cause a dispute or quarrel between the involved people. It can also cause disharmony or disunity. â€Å"I’m so fed up with the so called professionals, sobra na nga maningil wala pang work ethics. At sa sobrang dami ng raket, hindi marunong magcommit†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This was said by Joecas. It is one of the social illneses nowadays. Many people have too much confidence or belief in them, the belief that they are superb in terms of doing their work. Not only that, they are also asking for too much payment that is not appropriate, that’s why Philippines is not progressing. â€Å"Isipin na ang mabuting ina ay iba sa inang linalang ng prayle. Dapat palakihin ang anak na malapit baga sa larawan ng tunay na Diyos. Diyos na di nasusuhulan, Diyos na di masakim sa salapi, Diyos na ama ng lahat, na walang kinikilingan, Diyos na hindi tumataba sa dugo ng mahihirap, na hindi nagsasaya sa daing ng naruruhagi at nangbubulag ng matalinong isip.† These are the words mentioned at the back or the window of condo while Hunter and Joanne were fighting. The characteristics of God mentioned was contradictory to our government wherein it can be defined as another social illness. The scene where Ambo said that, â€Å"Hindi naman nasusukat sa sexual preference ang pagkatao at karakter. What is important is the heart and soul.† Judging a person is also one of the social illnesses acted in the play. The reason why most of the people do not believe in their talent is because they were primed by their anxiousness or shyness. The ability of a person is not measured by either physical appearance or sexual preference. In the scene where George Tauffer raped Josephine Bracken can be included as one of the social illnesses nowadays. Rape and other crimes are very rampant during these days. Sometimes, even their own fathers or stepfathers were the ones involved in this kind of situation. There are many barbarians in our country nowadays due to the lack of education or else because of drug addiction. The social illness like spreading information that is not proven or seen is very widespread nowadays. One example of this is occurring in the world of showbiz or show business. Many rumors are spreading in this industry that’s why it’s complicated. Those professionals that were taking too much charges or fees are also rampant nowadays that’s why the rich becomes richer and the poor becomes poorer. Similar to our government officials who live high on the hog, they were corrupting the taxes and other cash received from citizens for their personal use instead of giving it back in the form of basic services like education, health cares, and others. Criminals were also very rampant now and then but because police authorities like the friars before accept bribes, those culprits were not afraid to do crimes. These are some social illnesses mentioned in the play and at the same time I witnessed while watching. This stage play is not presented just to entertain but also to educate the audience. For me, having a stand in everything we do and say is the moral lesson that I have realized after watching. If we said and did something, continue it until the end as long as we know that we’re on the side of truth, although it can hurt those people that we loved the most. Another lesson derived from this play is the true love for the country. If our heroes can defend our country from opportunists and at the same time proud of it, we, the citizens of the Philippines, that have the capability to change the undesirable system of our government, can also do what they have done. It is the time for us to move and act especially the young generation that according to Dr. Jose Rizal is the hope of the nation.