Brief History of Agriculture essays

Brief History of Agriculture essays The development of agriculture had a great affect on the world; even so this happened gradually to the world as a whole. It had led the people who were once nomads to a settled, routine life in which they could become accustomed. Therefore they would be able to make advances towards a civilized, easy lifestyle. Agriculture had allowed writing to come into existence. It had created a need for a government, and civilized ways. As it also led to advanced architecture. Agriculture had created a whole new lifestyle for the people who had once roamed aimlessly. It created a foundation and a lasting way a life. The creation and advancement in writing came because the people were able to settle concluding in thinking and creating new ways to record, keep order, and even communicate, in order to better accommodate to this new way of living. According to Document #1, the Sumerians had developed the earliest form of writing by 3200 B.C., it was used for numerous reasons, and to have such knowledge is invaluable. The ancient form of Sumerian writing had evolved from pictographs to wedge symbols of cuneiform. Since people had agriculture, the need for searching for food hadn't any importance anymore. Settling down created the need for establishing a government to provide fair and just laws; to govern the people. Also, there was a need for civilized ways. This was a step towards an advanced civilization. Keeping law and order are very important when there is a group of people because of conflicts. Having a government ensures the people protection and justice (or at the very least; should) of which it acts upon and lives up to such a reputation. A civilized community works in unity and peace, abiding by just laws, and creating an amiable atmosphere. In the city of Ur the peoples farming was for everyone, people had farmed and they had paid taxes with them. Eventually, people established skills allowing them to create large, det...

Free Essays on Battle Of The Somme

Brandon Hampton The battle of the Somme was a war enabled by mass industrialization. Communication and logistic problems were prevalent because of the inhumanly large scale of the battle. Countless deaths and unknown amounts of suffering occurred because of general staff miscalculations. Keegan is able to explain that the battle of the Somme simply came down to the potentially deadly British artillery versus the German machine gunners that sought shelter in their underground bunkers. Keegan explains that Kitchener’s army recruits were still a little green and relied upon artillery bombardments to win the battle. The one ton shells, capable of blowing craters in the earth ten meters deep, fired by the British artillery was not enough to completely obliterate all of the German machine gunners. This failure of the British artillery’s effectiveness caused the death of many British infantrymen. When the artillery barrages stopped, the remnants of the German machine gunners returned to the surface to unleash hell. Keegan analyzes the not just the battle, but the pre-battle and post-battle as well. Keegan’s analysis gives an almost a surreal image of the pain, disorientation, vision, and behavior of the soldiers and their commanding officers. Keegan explains why the combatants were there, the battle plan used, and the cool blood and guts type of stuff. Keegan elaborates on why the war happened the way that it had. The fulcrum of the war was the type of weaponry used by each side and the application of those weapons. I have noticed that Keegan strives to answer the question â€Å"What wills men to battle?† He wants to emphasize not just the motive of each side to go to war, but he also wants you as a reader to draw your own conclusions about the personal motives of men to go to battle. All of the details given by Keegan are fuel for your brain to answer all of the rhetorical questions asked by him and the questions that ... Free Essays on Battle Of The Somme Free Essays on Battle Of The Somme Brandon Hampton The battle of the Somme was a war enabled by mass industrialization. Communication and logistic problems were prevalent because of the inhumanly large scale of the battle. Countless deaths and unknown amounts of suffering occurred because of general staff miscalculations. Keegan is able to explain that the battle of the Somme simply came down to the potentially deadly British artillery versus the German machine gunners that sought shelter in their underground bunkers. Keegan explains that Kitchener’s army recruits were still a little green and relied upon artillery bombardments to win the battle. The one ton shells, capable of blowing craters in the earth ten meters deep, fired by the British artillery was not enough to completely obliterate all of the German machine gunners. This failure of the British artillery’s effectiveness caused the death of many British infantrymen. When the artillery barrages stopped, the remnants of the German machine gunners returned to the surface to unleash hell. Keegan analyzes the not just the battle, but the pre-battle and post-battle as well. Keegan’s analysis gives an almost a surreal image of the pain, disorientation, vision, and behavior of the soldiers and their commanding officers. Keegan explains why the combatants were there, the battle plan used, and the cool blood and guts type of stuff. Keegan elaborates on why the war happened the way that it had. The fulcrum of the war was the type of weaponry used by each side and the application of those weapons. I have noticed that Keegan strives to answer the question â€Å"What wills men to battle?† He wants to emphasize not just the motive of each side to go to war, but he also wants you as a reader to draw your own conclusions about the personal motives of men to go to battle. All of the details given by Keegan are fuel for your brain to answer all of the rhetorical questions asked by him and the questions that ...

Question 1 (75 marks) Last month, four friends, Rachel, Monica, Essay

Question 1 (75 marks) Last month, four friends, Rachel, Monica, Phoebe, and Joey acquired the freehold estate to Central Farm fr - Essay Example Moreover, in any contract for the sale of freehold land, there is a presumption that the contract will automatically include everything which legally constitutes â€Å"land†4. Accordingly, whether or not Barry was entitled to remove the sign depends on whether the sign can validly constitute land or whether it constituted a chattel, which doesn’t fall within the scope of â€Å"land†5. The classic definition of a fixture is anything which is physically (but not necessarily legally) removable and makes a permanent improvement to the land6. Conversely, a chattel is an item brought onto the land, which doesn’t become part of the land7. The general rule regarding fixtures is that whatever is attached to the soil becomes part of the soil8. In determining whether the sign is fixture or a chattel, it will be necessary to apply the two factual tests as extrapolated by Blackburn J in the case of Holland v Hodgson9, namely the degree of annexation test and the purpos e of annexation test. The degree of annexation test requires that the object be fastened to or connected with the land in some way for there to be a presumption that it is a fixture10. For example, in the case of Hamp v Bygrave11 it was held that patio lights that were attached to the wall of the house were fixtures. Moreover, if an object is not fixed, but merely rests on its own weight, there will be a presumption that it is a chattel12. If we apply this by analogy to the current scenario, the sign had hung from a post, which if resting on its own weight will lead to a presumption of it being a chattel. However, the presumption can be rebutted on the basis of the purpose of the annexation test. In the case of Elitestone Limited v Morris13 Lord Clyde asserted that this test involved a consideration of â€Å"the purpose which the object is serving and not the purpose of the person who put it there14†. As such, the test is objective and is concerned with the intention of the p erson who put the object on the land. It further requires the overriding purpose of the object being the enhancement and enjoyment of the land to make a permanent improvement to the land, in order for it to be a fixture15. If we apply this by analogy to the current scenario, we are not aware of the terms of the contract of sale between Barry, Rachel, Monica, Joey and Phoebe. If the contract expressly provided that the sign would remain as part of the land as a condition of sale, then removal by Barry will be in breach of contract. Alternatively, if the sign is part of the land, Barry did not have a right to remove it and Rachel, Monica, Phoebe and Joey would be able to request a return of the sign16. However, if the sign rests on its own weight, then the parties will have to rebut the presumption by demonstrating that the sign was intended to enhance the enjoyment of the land. If this can be established, the sign will form part of the land and the parties will be able to recover the sign from Barry. 2) Whether Alan is entitled to remain in Unit 2. The extent to which Alan’s rights are enforceable will depend on the nature of his rights and the enforceability of interests under the Land Registration Act 2002. If we firstly consider the factual scenario, Alan argues that he has been using Unit 2 since 2007 and pays a yearly â€Å"occupation fee†. This creates a degree of ambiguity as to whether his alleged right to use the property constitutes a licence or a lease. If the

Compare between the three models of international human rights Essay

Compare between the three models of international human rights (statist, cosmopolitan, and internationalist) based on the streng - Essay Example The major issues that these theories seek to address include civil wars, conflict prevention as well as resolution. Humanitarian interventions which have not been fully explored as far as human rights models are concerned .However; it is an area that greatly provides strong themes as far as human rights models are concerned. Statism is one of the models that are very important as far as human rights are concerned in the international regime. Under this model, it is the responsility of the nation to ensure that human rights are adhered to. This model is similar to that of internationalist and cosmopolitanism2. They both hold to the treaties of universal declaration of human rights universalism. The treaty states that all nations should ensure that the needs of their citizens are met. This model has one weakness; it is the state that takes precedence before any human right can be recognized. Never the less, statism is seen as the most appropriate as far as issues regarding politics are concerned.Statism has also resulted into stronger states harassing weaker ones.Therefore,as much as statist is an international regime that looks at the rights of citizens, internationalism and cosmopolitanism looks at the welfare of citizens of a nation with more than statism Statism is very conservative. As a result, it leads to impassivity in debates regarding humanitarian interventions. ... The only challenge is that it does not fully support interventions as is seen in cosmopolitanism and internationalism. Internationalism model on the other hand corresponds to international theory. Internationalism and statist acknowledge that states are central as well as sovereign. Internationalism further focuses on how relations between states are regulated by international communal practices.3 This aspect is not well manifested in statism.Statists are greatly oppose states that that encourage good relations between member states. As a result, they don’t have feeling for war victims or nations that have witnessed serious crimes against humanity. According to internationalists, if the recipient state authorizes an intervention, they highly encourage it.Statism on the other hand does not fully welcome interventions .However, both statism and internationalism were used during the First World War and are still applicable today. In exceptional cases, statism allows interventions especially a government collapses. All the three models of human rights face major challenges. For example, they have to be approved by a national government of any country before they can be applied to any nation.Thus; the main priority in both cases is the rights the states have as far as any law is concerned4. Thereafter, the issues of human rights as far as international laws are concerned then follow later. This comparable conclusions means that there is no major difference in relation to some issues of international contexts. Cosmopolitanism is also a human right model that issued worldwide. Under this model, the international system looks keenly to the factors that affect individual members

Community College vs. Universities Essay Example for Free

Community College vs. Universities Essay Have you ever wondered which is better, community colleges or universities? Making the big choice on furthering your education is a big decision, but making the choice between community college and a university is even harder. Well let me give you some ideas. The cost, location, environment, and how long it takes for someone to finish are a couple of things to take into consideration. When looking at colleges you have Community college prices and University prices. Neither have a pretty price tag, but when compared side-by-side there is a big difference. Tuition prices for Mitchell Community College vary between instate and out of state. The price for an in state student is seventy two dollars per credit hour, and for out of state students you are looking at two hundred and seventy two dollars per credit hour. The tuition cost for a university like UNC is alone eight thousand, three hundred and seventy four dollars for an instate student. An out of state student is facing a tuition cost of thirty three thousand, six hundred and seventy four dollars!! So ,you can see that there is a pretty big difference in cost. The cost for education can vary between individuals, and not everyone is in the same financial status. Some people have the honor to be granted scholarships, and some students may have to take out loans, and not every can apply for financial aid , so every individual situation varies when it comes to education cost and their form of payment. Something else to consider is the location of the college. Do you prefer to move away and pay for dorm room cost at a big university? Or does staying at home, and being closer to family sound something like you would do? Moving to a university dorm can be drastically different, you won’t be at home in your own bed. Instead you will find yourself in a tiny room with a small bed and no privacy; because, let’s not forget you will have that beloved roommate. Moving into a dorm can be challenging too because of limited space and it’s pretty costly too. Staying back home will save money on living costs and there won’t be as many long trips to take when it’s time to go home. So,this varies on a person’s form of lifestyle that they are looking for. If they  want the whole â€Å"College experienceâ€Å", then they should go for the dorm facilities. But many people are just trying to get an education and the last thing they have on their mind is paying for a dorm room. Community college and universities environments are very different! A community college is usually located in small towns and a lower number of students who are from the surrounding areas. In community colleges you will find more familiar faces and longtime friends etc. Once you step into a university you can find yourself in a whirlwind of strange faces and different people. That could be very difficult for anybody. It’s like starting all over again, having to meet new people and make new friends just to get by. In universities you will also find the famous Sororities, and we cannot forget the fraternities, and to be part of community like that you must fit in with that life style or all be the same, so I hear. In community colleges you can find a much more settled environment, there are no sororities or frat parties. You can find interesting clubs or study groups. In universities you see big college sport teams, and community colleges you can’t find any. Either, way if it’s a community college based environment or university, anybody can create awesome, long lasting bonds, relationships, and friendships.

New England vs. the Chesapeake :: essays research papers

Hello my name is Alma Castro, I am 16 years old and I am now attending Skyline High School for the Child Care Cluster. I live with my mom, dad, 1 sister (Cynthia who is 14), and 2 brothers (Alfredo 12 and Eduardo 9) in a house in Oak Cliff. My house is about 5 minutes from downtown Dallas. My family and I enjoy going to the movies, the park, and going out to eat as a family. But this is only the beginning of what I am about to tell you about my life. I was born on October 25, 1988 in the Mexico in the City of Juarez. I only lived in Mexico for about 3 years but while I lived there my mom said I gave her the biggest scare of her life. She said that when I was about a year and six months I got out of the house and went to a neighbor’s house to play without her knowing. When she started to look for me and couldn’t find me she got scared, then all my uncles noticed and so they started to help her. She said that after looking for about an hour I came out from that house like nothing had happened. Then on June 20, 1991 my little sister was born. My mom said that when my little sister was born I became very responsible and helpful. She also said that I was very calm and happy all the time. Then in June 1992 we moved to Dallas with my aunt and 3 older cousins. Living with my aunt was all right we had our good and bad times; we were all bunched up in a small house in Duncanville. A couple of months later we moved to a bigger house in the same neighborhood. Our next-door neighbors were very nice they really made us feel welcomed. Living at this house I started preschool. I went to a school that was only 4 blocks from the house, so my mom use to take my 2 younger cousins, our 2 neighbors (who by the way are twins), and me to school walking. I remember that when we all go home from school we would all go outside and play in the backyard. Then in May 27, 1993 my brother Alfredo was born so my dad decided to get a house of our own.

Goals of Financial Management Essay

Money required for carrying out business activities is called business finance. Almost all business activities require some finance. Finance is needed : †¢To establish a business , †¢To run it †¢To modernize it †¢To expand it or diversify †¢It is required to buy whole variety of assets, they may be tangible like machinery ,factories,building,offices or intangible like patents, technical expertise etc. Success of business depends considerably on how well the funds are deployed in assets Financial management is concerned with optimum procurement as well as usage of finance. The financial management has to take three important decision viz. (i) Investment decision i. e. , where to invest fund and in what amount, (ii) Financing decision i. e. , from where to raise funds and in what amount, and (iii) Dividend i. e. , how much to pay dividend and how much to retain for future expansion. In order to make these decisions the management must have a clear understanding of the objective sought to be achieved. It is generally agreed that the financial objective of the firm should be maximization of owner’s economic welfare. There are two widely discussed approaches or criterion of maximizing owners’ welfare – (i) Profit maximization, and (ii) Wealth maximization. Profit maximization would probably be the most commonly cited business goal, but this is not a very precise objective. Do we mean profits this year? If so, then actions such as deferring maintenance, letting inventories run down, and other short-run, cost-cutting measures will tend to increase profits now, but these activities aren’t necessarily desirable. The goal of maximizing profits may refer to some sort of â€Å"long-run† or â€Å"average† profits, but it’s unclear exactly what this means. First, do we mean something like accounting net income or earnings per share? As we will see, these numbers may have little to do with what is good or bad for the firm. Second, what do we mean by the long run? As a famous economist once remarked, in the long run, we’re all dead! More to the point, this goal doesn’t tell us the appropriate trade-off between current and future profits. Profit Maximization: Maximization of profits is very often considered as the main objective of a business enterprise. The shareholders, the owners of the business, invest their funds in the business with the hope of getting higher dividend on their investment. Moreover, the profitability of the business is an indicator of the sound health of the organization, because, it safeguards the economic interests of various social groups which are directly or indirectly connected with the company e. g. shareholders, creditors and employees. All these parties must get reasonable return for their contributions and it is possible only when company earns higher profits or sufficient profits to discharge the obligations to them. As long as we are dealing with for-profit businesses, only a slight modification is needed. The total value of the stock in a corporation is simply equal to the value of the owners’ equity. Therefore, a more general way of stating our goal . Finally, our goal does not imply that the financial manager should take illegal or unethical actions in the hope of increasing the value of the equity in the firm. What we mean is that the financial manager best serves the owners of the business by identifying goods and services that add value to the firm because they are desired and valued in the free marketplace If we assume that stockholders buy stock because they seek to gain financially, then the answer is obvious: Good decisions increase the value of the stock, and poor decisions decrease the value of the stock. The goal of maximizing the value of the stock avoids the problems associated with the different goals we listed earlier. There is no ambiguity in the criterion, and there is no short-run versus long-run issue. We explicitly mean that our goal is to maximize the current stock value. Because the goal of financial management is to maximize the value of the stock, we need to learn how to identify those investments and financing arrangements that favorably impact the value of the stock. This is precisely what we will be studying. In fact, we could have defined corporate finance as the study of the relationship between business decisions and the value of the stock in the business. Wealth Maximization: The term wealth means shareholder’s wealth or the wealth of persons who are involved in business concern. this is also known as value maximization or net worth maximization The wealth maximization (also known as value maximization or Net Present Worth Maximization) is also universally accepted criterion for financial decision making. The value of an asset should be viewed in terms of benefits it can produce over the cost of capital investment. †¢Wealth maximization is based on the concept of cash flow . cash flow are a reality and not based on subjective. †¢It considers time value of money.

Pros and cons of online research Essay

Technology Advisory Board is a leading international online marketing research and marketing consulting firm where engineers, scientists, computer scientists, information systems professionals, software developers, web developers, and executives in technology industries all over the world come to share ideas, opinions, and suggestions by participating in online research interviews and scientific surveys. The site also believes that respondent will learn as a panel member about upcoming technology trends and developments (since respondent have access to survey results giving one an opportunity to learn what one peers are thinking anytime). In addition, as a panel member one can earn extra cash by participating in an online survey or discussion and the amount depends on the length of the survey or discussion. The site also helps major international corporations, governmental agencies, and universities better informed about intelligent decisions relating to technology-related issues, new equipment and devices, and new software systems and services. The site faces a lot of challenges that will be discussed in the next paragraph. One of the obstacles to collecting information internationally from the panel members is the lack of consistency by the site information. Respondent have to update account each time he/she is to login into his account and the account information is not well documented. This can frustrate the respondent thereby hindering one of the objectives of the site in getting adequate views and opinions of respondents. The unavailability of the site services to all countries is another negative effect the site is facing as a global online research marketer. When some countries are restricted in participating, then I believe it is not a global marketing research marketer. In addition to the percentage of households without internet access in the world, technology advisory board must take the opportunity of reaching the remaining segment of people with access to internet through innovative ways of conducting the research. One option is to encourage the use of offline means of participating, since the online means is the only one used. Another option is using both the qualitative and the quantitative statistical models to get respondent views either offline or online. Lastly, technology advisory board can introduce offline e-mail survey which is inexpensive compared to the conventional online survey. However, the site makes use of the advantage of the versatility that the increased penetration of broadband offers online research marketers. In addition, the online survey is very fast in terms of getting speedy opinions and views from respondents. More importantly, online research marketers should develop marketing strategies not just from the findings of online research, but also the offline findings. What they can do is to encourage the introduction or use of the offline findings. They can do this by introducing new strategies in form of sending offline mails to panel members and require their opinions. In addition, they could introduce the use of feedbacks in their sites by asking respondents to give views about how the marketing research can be improved. On the other hand, both qualitative and quantitative research is needed before strategy can be defined by the marketers and this is necessary in forming new ways of improving online marketing research. In conclusion, the use of online marketing research has only being on the increased in the US than any other country in the world. I think this service should be encouraged especially in Asian, African and Latin American countries where it is believed marketers can capture demand in the nearest future. References Survey: Internet Should Remain Open to All. Marketing Memos: The Pro and Cons of Online Research Retrieved May 14, 2010, from http://www. consumeraffairs. com Technology Advisory Board (2010) Retrieved May 14, 2010, from http://www. technologyboard. com Consumers Losing Confidence in Online Commerce, Banking. Retrieved May 14, 2010, from http://www. consumeraffairs. com

Tucurui Dam Project in Brazil Essay Example

Tucurui Dam Project in Brazil Essay Example Tucurui Dam Project in Brazil Paper Tucurui Dam Project in Brazil Paper With 45 000 large dams throughout the world, it is clear that dams have made a crucial assistance to human development, and the advantages derived from them have been significant. Similar to all development options, assessments on dams and their alternatives must consider a vast range of requirements, expectations, aims and confinements. Dams have both costs and benefits, making these costs and benefits balance is a exceedingly delicate task. In several cases an inappropriate and often unnecessary cost has been made to achieve those benefits, particularly in social and environmental terms; the Tucurui Dam in Brazil being one of these cases. The Tucurui Dam is situated on the lower Tocantins River within the Tocantins-Araguaia River Basin adjacent to the Amazon basin in north-eastern Brazil. The complex was constructed with the chief objective of producing hydropower, with the secondary goal of supplying a navigable river route being introduced later. The complete cost of Tucurui was US $7. 5 billion, this total exhibiting a 77% cost overrun. The people of Pari State perceived an association between hydropower and shipping as a chance to stimulate the local economy. One must note that fundamentally, the social and political receptivity to the Tucurui hydropower complex at the regional level rested on the prospect of linking the two sectors. However, the locals are yet to see this prospect in action. The construction of the locks was hobbled by a shortage of funding, and ground to a halt in 1989, the remaining parts for the lock system were said to be completed with Phase II of the project. Yet uncertainty loiters over Phase II construction schedule, with relation to the building of the locks. Additionally, although the communities around the area of the complex anticipated that the project would stimulate the development of the region, shockingly they did not receive electricity from the project until 1997, when, only as a consequence of intense pressure from local groups, a step-down substation was constructed to cater for the locals. Conversely, on a wider scale hydropower now accounts for 90% of the total power consumption in Brazil with Greenhouse Gas emissions lower compared to the emissions from alternative sources of electricity generation from Tucurui ; diesel, heavy oil and coal, thus herein lies a benefit for the environment. Alternatively, the installation of power production enabled Tucurui to replace thermo-power plants in the North east which were supplying power to the industries in Beli m at a greater cost. In 1998 with the integration to the South/South east System via the Tucurui -Serra da Mesa power line, electricity was sold to South east Brazil; the most distinguished economy in the country. Moreover, the construction of the Tucurui hydropower complex was a vital element in the regional and national policies influencing the globalisation process of Brazil. With a favourable economic environment and subsidised inputs the state mining company, Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, was able to evolve into one of the worlds major iron ore producers. Furthermore, the provision of competitive subsidised power supplied incentives for the migration of energy intensive industries from developing countries burdened with very high energy costs into Brazil. Alternatively, the globalisation process is highlighted in this sector with the involvement of trans-national corporations from the major economic strongholds of the United States and Japan. Yet imperatively, although gains for dominant industries were established, there was an absence of widespread positive results that had been predicted for the national and regional economies; as ever with globalisation the rewards are very concentrated to a minor assembly who are commonly foreigners. Additionally, even when there was some regional development it was isolated to enclaves surrounding metallurgical industries. Pressures from its international associates caused Brazil to make allowances, especially in terms of inexpensive energy prices, severely affecting economic profits at the national level, with insignificant or no return for the region. It seems therefore that even when parts of the economy have benefited from the project it is limited to or dependant on foreign corporations, thus there are benefits but at the cost of economic vulnerability. Before the project was constructed subsistence agriculture was the dominant means of survival for communities. Fishing was also prevalent in the region before the erecting of the dam, with an estimated catch of 1,534 tons/year, however catch data shows that the project meant that the area saw a 29% decline, with a reduction from 173 to 123 fish species. Not only were livelihoods put at risk by the death of species caused by a number of reasons, the chief being water quality due to euthropication, but it is another example of the most richly endowed and most distinct on the globe being destroyed for slight economic gains in an unequal trading system. The project involved submersion of 2,850 km2 of land including large areas of rainforest for the reservoir. It must be noted that a Wildlife Working Group was set up to prepare a Wildlife Development Inventory Plan, this was the most extensive and the most costly wildlife rescue carried out in Amazonia with a total investment of US $30. Conversely, the demographic effects of the project were highly significant, with the prospect of gaining construction or associated employment attracting huge influxes of migrants multiplying the population of the immediate area six-fold. However, this severely strained the infrastructure of the region and resulted in the growth of favelas, which promote ill health, crime and poverty. During the resettlement process, over 14,000 people formerly resident in the areas inundated by the reservoir were relocated, this resettlement process occurred exceedingly late and in a confined way with no thought given to the livelihood patterns of the families. This oversight was no more evident than when riverbank communities were placed inland and the extractive communities were settled in lands requiring farming in the adjoining areas. Likewise, consideration for compensation neglected the amount of work invested in the land, as well as the cultural logic, and social and historical environment of local communities. One must note that the local health impacts of constructing the Tucurui Hydropower Complex are notable and negative. The lack of sanitary infrastructure, safe drinking water and the use of smudge pots to deflect mosquitoes made them exposed to diseases such as malaria, diarrhoea, verminoses and respiratory problems. This coupled with the growth in population caused by the inflow of immigrants, resulted in a marked upsurge in the occurrence of vector transmitted diseases such as malaria, schistosomiasis, as well as industrial accidents, alcoholism, sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS. In 1980 during the construction stage of the project the infant mortality rates for the Tucurui municipal district was more than six times larger than the rest of Pari State and five times the infant mortality rate for all of Brazil. It is clear that the local population paid the cost for the project small farmers, indigenous communities and riverbank dwellers, homes, livelihoods and health were adversely affected by the project. It is also clear that that the undoubted benefits of the dam are not gained within Brazil but by foreign investors. The project was constructed despite the locals initial hopes, to try and shape Brazil, so that it is more competitive on the world market, yet it has resulted in is destroying the invaluable environment, causing health problems an has displaced locals into inappropriate areas. Ironically, it seems that the scheme resulted in Brazil becoming extremely vulnerable to trans-national companies with generally insignificant local profit. Although one may argue that this is the case for all countries due to the increasingly global nature of world trade it is more apparent in developing countries such as Brazil, who do not have as stronger internal industries as the developed countries do, such as Japan,, thus meaning that they are exceedingly reliant and hence more vulnerable to the decisions of trans- national companies. In conclusion, I believe that the scheme was unjustified, not only in financial terms but also in social and environmental terms too. Dams alter landscapes and create risks of irrevocable impacts. The debate about dams is a debate concerning the very aim and pathways for accomplishing all growth and development. Similar to all development propositions, unless dams attempt to promote integrated development actions for rural areas, stress renewable energy projects (which the scheme did) improve the quality of life for local communities, whilst taking into regard the fact that the urban populace has easier access to the advantages of these enterprises, then they will continue to exhibit more costs than benefits.

The 5 Best AP Statistics Review Books to Prep for the Exam

The 5 Best AP Statistics Review Books to Prep for the Exam SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re preparing for the AP Statistics exam, a prep book can be your best tool to help you reach the score you’re aiming for. However, not all prep books are created equal. In this guide, we go over the top five AP Statistics review books out there and give advice on whom each of them is best for. We also explain what you should look for in an AP Statistics book and how to make the most of your prep book during your studying. What to Look for in an AP Statistics Book Before we dive into the prep book reviews, let’s first look at what makes a particular AP Statistics prep book better than the rest. In general, there are four qualities that all the best prep books share. #1: Tips and Strategies for the Exam A good AP Statistics review book will give explanations and advice for how to attack each question type you’ll see on the AP Stats test.These can make studying more productive and faster than it would be without a prep book because you’ll learn the best way to answer questions without having to do trial-and-error on your own. #2: High-Quality Practice Problems Practice problems are a key part of AP Stats prep because they give you a chance to see how well you can apply your stats knowledge to actual questions.Even if you’re acing your school stats tests, AP questions are often worded in different ways and cover different topics than questions you see in class. High-quality prep books will contain dozens of practice questions covering each section and question type of the exam. They’ll help you get used to the types of questions you’ll see on the AP Stats exam. #3: Complete Practice Tests In addition to practice problems, the best AP Stats prep books contain full-length practice tests to help you become more familiar with the exam and track your progress.By taking practice tests, you’ll get an idea of how well you’ll score on the AP Statistics exam and be prepared to the format and length of the test. #4: In-Depth Answer Explanations Even if a book has top-quality practice questions, you won’t get as much out of them as you could if they don’t also have good answer explanations.A top AP Statistics review book will explain why a particular answer is correct for all or most of its practice problems.This way, you can learn from your mistakes and understand why the correct answer is what it is. The Best AP Statistics Review Books In this section are the five best AP Statistics prep books to help you study for the exam. For each book we include the price, a brief summary, pros, cons, and who the book will be most useful for. Barron’s AP Statistics Price: About $13 Summary Barron’s prep books are well known for being slightly more difficult than the actual tests they prepare you for, and their AP statistics review book is no exception. It goes over challenging stats concepts and prepares you for the most difficult questions you'll see on the exam. Additionally, this book contains a diagnostic test for you to figure out how well you’re scoring, five practice tests with answer explanations, and access to an online test. The bulk of Barron’s book is devoted to explaining how to answer different types of stats questions. This part of the book is divided into 15 chapters based on different stats topics, such as confidence intervals and sampling distributions. The end of each chapter includes a mini quiz on the topic. Pros Good value for money if you’re looking for lots of practice tests (you get seven total with the book). Book is well organized which makes it easy to study a specific topic. Practice problems are high-quality and similar to official AP Statistics questions. Covers tough questions and topics many review books skip over. Cons Assumes you already have a solid basic knowledge of statistics. Doesn’t give much advice on how to develop a study plan. Who It’s Best For Barron’s book is best for students who already feel pretty solid with their statistics skills and are aiming for a high score on the AP exam. It skips over a lot of basic stats knowledge to focus more on tougher concepts. It also has challenging practice questions to ensure you’re well prepared for the AP exam. Barron’s practice tests are slightly more difficult than the actual AP exam, so if you can score well on these practice tests, you’re in great shape for test day. Cracking the AP Statistics Exam (Princeton Review) Price: About $14 Summary Princeton Review’s bookincludes two complete practice tests, but the bulk of the book is devoted to reviewing the content you’ll be tested on during the AP Statistics test. Princeton Review aims to write prep books that are easy to understand and more interesting than a standard textbook, and many people like the encouraging and down to earth style of their books. The content review for this book is organized into four main chapters, and each chapter ends with a mini quiz. The book also includes tips on how to approach different types of questions you’ll see on the exam, how to create a study plan, and how to best use your calculator. Pros Written in an easy-to-understand, engaging style. The content review chapters are organized into very specific topics that makes it easy to find exactly what info you want to review. Breaks down statistics problems step-by-step to make them easier to understand. Cons Only has two practice tests, which is less than most other prep books. Their practice questions tend to be somewhat easier than actual AP Stats questions. Who It’s Best For Princeton Review’s books are known for their engaging and accessible style which can appeal to students who are bored or intimidated by traditional prep books. This book also spends a lot of time breaking down and explaining key stats concepts that you may have been struggling with. Therefore, it’s best for students who have just started their prep and/or those who want to build up their stats knowledge more. Because the book’s practice problems tend to be somewhat easier than actual AP problems, it’s not ideal for people who are looking for a top AP score. If you do want a top score, plan on supplementing it with another prep book like Barron’s. 5 Steps to a 5: AP Statistics 2018 Price: About $13 Summary The 5 Steps to a 5 book is organized to walk you through your AP Statistics plan from start to finish. It begins by explaining how to set up your study plan, then gives tips for succeeding on the test, reviews the content you’ll need to know, and finishes with practice tests. The book includes three paper practice tests and three online tests, as well as additional online resources like online lessons, practice problems, and ways to track your progress. Pros Has extensive online resources with which you can develop a personalized study plan, study online flashcards, and answer practice problems. These are also accessible on your phone. Gives in-depth info on how to develop a study plan and attack different types of stats questions. Has a well-organized and in-depth content review section. Cons Writing style is often dry and wordy. Three of the six practice tests are online, so they don’t give you as realistic practice as the paper tests do. Who It’s Best For The 5 Steps to a 5 prep book is a good middle-of-the-road choice for people who feel they are past the level of the Princeton Review book but perhaps aren’t quite ready for Barron’s AP Stats book.A standout feature of this book is its online prep resources. With your access code, you can create your own complete study plan and track your progress in different skill areas. If you want more guidance in your AP studying and planning, these resources can be a big help for you. Ultimate AP Statistics Practice Book Price: About $15 Summary This AP Statistics review book is somewhat different than the others. Rather than giving a comprehensive review of AP Stats content and including full-length practice tests, the Ultimate AP Statistics Practice Book contains 100 practice questions that are explained in the book. Additionally, your book comes with a code you can scan that gives you access to YouTube videos that give in-depth explanations of each of the 100 questions. Pros The 100 questions give a solid overview of the different topics and types of questions you’ll see on the exam. Answer explanations are very thorough and include both written and video explanations. Practice questions are similar to official practice tests. Cons The book has a very specific focus100 practice questions and explanationsand doesn’t include other features most other prep books include like full practice tests or a comprehensive content review. Who It’s Best For If you’re struggling to understand how to solve stats problems and standard book explanations aren’t helping, this book may be exactly what you need. Since it includes video explanations for the problems, it can be very helpful for people who want practice problems explained in more detail or people who learn better with videos rather than written explanations. However, since this book doesn’t contain any full-length practice tests, it shouldn’t be your only prep book. Be sure to supplement it with another AP Statistics book that contains practice tests, like the Barron’s or 5 Steps to a 5. Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Price: About $90 new, $40 used Summary This is an AP Statistics textbook, not a prep book, but if you are self-studying for the AP Stats exam, feel the textbook your class is using isn’t helpful, or need an in-depth review of statistics content, this is one of the best stats textbooks out there.It’s approved by the College Board and is often used in college statistics classes. Reviewers have given it high marks for its high-quality practice problems and clear explanations of difficult concepts. The book (all 944 pages of it) includes 16 chapters, each of which dives into a different stats topic to give you a thorough understanding of the course.This textbook is also cheaper than most other stats textbooks, many of which are close to $200. Pros In-depth explanation of all the topics you need to know for AP Statistics. Includes a lot of practice problems with step-by-step explanations. Cons Somewhat dense and dry writing style. Some readers found the organization of the book confusing. Who It’s Best For Most people preparing for the AP Statistics exam won’t need to look for their own textbook since the one that they use in class will likely be enough. However, if you don’t like the textbook your class uses, feel like you really need to review certain stats topics, or you’re self-studying for the exam, this AP Statistics textbook can really help you out. How to Use Books in Your AP Stats Prep Now you have all the information you need to choose the best book for you, but how do you get the most out of your book? Check out the three tips below to learn the best way to use prep books in your AP Statistics studying. Create a Study Plan to Organize Your Studying No matter how long you have to study and how much you want to improve, a study plan will help you maximize your efficiency and get closer to your goal score. We have an in-depth guide to the five steps to making an AP study plan that you should definitely check out, but the quick version is to schedule regular times to study (like Tuesdays from 6-8pm and Saturdays from 12-4pm) and set yourself regular goals (like learning a new topic or increasing your raw score by 5 points). Remember to schedule time to take practice tests as well. Creating a schedule helps you hold yourself accountable, makes it more likely you’ll get your studying done, and helps you track your progress. Supplement Your AP Statistics Prep Book With Official Practice Tests Official practice tests are the best to use because you can be sure they follow the same format and content as the actual AP exam.Unfortunately, the College Board doesn’t make many official practice resources available for AP Statistics. There are two complete official AP Stats practice tests available, from 1997 and 2012. Definitely make use of these during your studying even if your prep book has a lot of practice tests. We recommend taking the 1997 official practice test at the beginning of your studying so you can see what official questions look like and make sure your prep book’s questions are similar, and take the 2012 official test towards the end of your studying to get an accurate idea of how well you’ll score on the actual AP exam. Attack Your Weaknesses Prep books aren’t novels, and you don’t need to read every word of your prep book in order for it to be useful.Focus on the content you’re struggling with, especially if your AP exam is coming up soon and you don’t have time to read through every chapter of your prep book. This is why taking a diagnostic test early on in your studying can be very useful. Take the diagnostic test, see which areas you struggled in, then go back and read those chapters and answer practice problems until you feel solid with that content. Take another practice test, see where you still need to improve, and repeat as needed. Conclusion: The Best AP Statistics Review Book Having an AP Statistics book can be extremely useful for helping you strengthen your statistics knowledge and become more familiar with the exam.AP Statistics books can vary based on their purpose, but, in general, the best prep books include tips and strategies for doing well on the test, lots of practice questions, complete practice tests, and in-depth answer explanations. Whether you’re looking for lots of practice tests, content review, a better way to understand and attack questions, or an AP Statistics textbook, there’s a book out there to meet your needs. Do a bit of research before buying to ensure you get the best AP Statistics review book for you. When using your AP Statistics book, to get the most out of it you should create a study plan, supplement your book with official practice tests, and use the book to focus specifically on your content weaknesses. What's Next? Want more info on what to expect from the AP Statistics exam?Check out our complete guide to the AP Stats exam and learn exactly what type of questions you'll see and how your exam will be graded. If you want a high score on the AP Stats test,you'll need to take practice tests.We've compiled a list of every AP Statistics exam available, both free and official. How difficult is AP Stats compared to other AP classes?Get the answer by reading our guide to the hardest AP exams and classes. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Discrimination Against Chinese Indonesian Research Paper

Discrimination Against Chinese Indonesian - Research Paper Example Native Indonesians have been discriminating Chinese locals until today. However, efforts have been made to eliminate racism now. According to â€Å"dictionary.com†, the definition of racism is defined as a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human races determine cultural or individual achievement, usually involving the idea that one’s own race is superior and has the right to rule others. Jealousy and pride are possible causes of the discrimination towards Chinese-Indonesians, although a democratic-based philosophical principles ‘Pancasila’ is being implemented to every Indonesian (Chang 155). Chinese Indonesians have been discriminated against in Indonesia, and this should not happen. Discrimination from native Indonesians to Chinese Indonesians was and sometimes is still obvious, because although Chinese Indonesians are the minority, they dominate vital business and play a vital role in the country’s economy. Phillip She non, author of The Gazette, states that â€Å"The success of the Chinese is widely envied - and resented - in Indonesia, an archipelago of 180 million people and the fourth most populous nation on earth. The average annual per capita income is about $600† (ProQuest). Jealousy arises as native people tend to be low-classed workers, while Chinese Indonesians are marked as a ‘high-classed’ society. ... In fact, Chinese Indonesians have become the target of crime in Indonesia, because many native Indonesians have envied their success in financial, education, etc. Unlike in the United States and South Africa where racism is seen to manifest itself in terms of color, racism in Indonesia has gone beyond and has given rise to human right violations in the social, economic, political, legal, and cultural spheres of the society (Chang 152). The policy of â€Å"divide and rule† which was endorsed by colonial rulers aimed at distorting peaceful coexistence of native Indonesians and Chinese Indonesians. In fact, this policy was later advanced by government led by Sukarno whereby legislation was passed by the government which prohibited Chinese from conducting business in the country side (Chang 153). In 1998, there was anti-Chinese Indonesians violence in some cities, including Solo. I was 4 years old at that time, and I didn’t really understand anything. Apparently, the Asian financial crisis in May 1998 caused political turmoil in Indonesia; this led to anti-Chinese Indonesians riots. Greg Barton, author of Abdurrahman Wahid: Muslim Democrat, Indonesian President, clarifies that â€Å"Further adding to this uncertainty was an outbreak of sudden episodes of violence in small towns in Central and East Java, mostly directed against the ethnic Chinese† (Barton 233). My whole family escaped to a safer place in Semarang. As Medy Loekito asserts in her poem titledâ€Å"14 May 1998†, the riot was traumatizing and terrible, many cars were burnt on streets, and many Chinese Indonesians’ houses were burnt and destroyed as well. The television was showing how a mountain of men screamed and cried as they were losing their loved ones, their valuable properties,

SHORT written assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SHORT written - Assignment Example Trojans for example are capable of disabling antivirus software and removing firewalls exposing your computer to serious risks. Spywares are capable of causing your computer to crash as well as collecting personal information and changing configuration settings. These threats are designed to gather information from users that are mainly used to commit fraud and identity theft (Turner & Gelles 2003). There are various methods can be used by organizations to identify threats and act on them before they can cause damages. Primarily, the organization can establish a corporate policy to only allow approved devices on the network and to have those devices running on the latest version of antivirus. Secondly, the policy should allow only the administrators to install and run applications. Thirdly, the organization can invest in software tools that aid in auditing computer activity and detecting the presence of tampering and damage. Lastly, the organization should make computer security education a prerequisite to any computer user. This will help users to know how best to protect their systems and detect any unusual